Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（UOS装机将会持续更新）
版面规则
我们都知道新人的确很菜，也喜欢抱怨，并且带有浓厚的Windows习惯，但既然在这里询问，我们就应该有责任帮助他们解决问题，而不是直接泼冷水、简单的否定或发表对解决问题没有任何帮助的帖子。乐于分享，以人为本，这正是Ubuntu的精神所在。
我们都知道新人的确很菜，也喜欢抱怨，并且带有浓厚的Windows习惯，但既然在这里询问，我们就应该有责任帮助他们解决问题，而不是直接泼冷水、简单的否定或发表对解决问题没有任何帮助的帖子。乐于分享，以人为本，这正是Ubuntu的精神所在。
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243750496
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Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home# dpkg -P sysvinit-utils dbus libqt5core5a ifupdown fontconfig sysvinit-utils policykit-1 libpam-systemd libkf5codecs5 libqt5concurrent5 libkf5solid5 libkf5wallet5 libkf5guiaddons5 libkwalletbackend5-5 libphonon4qt5-4 maliit-framework kio libkf5iconthemes5 libkf5sonnetui5 libkf5textwidgets5 libqt5svg5 libkf5notifications5 libqt5gui5 libkf5wallet-bin libkf5itemviews5 libkf5sonnetcore5 libkf5jobwidgets5 maliit-inputcontext-gtk3 libqt5printsupport5 libdbusmenu-qt5-2 libkf5kiowidgets5 phonon4qt5-backend-vlc libpoppler-qt5-1 maliit-inputcontext-gtk2 libmaliit-plugins0 libkf5configwidgets5 libqt5network5 libqt5dbus5 libkf5kiontlm5 phonon4qt5 libkf5archive5 libqt5quick5 libqt5qml5 sysv-rc libpango-1.0-0 libqtgui4 colord nemo-keyboard libpangoft2-1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoxft-1.0-0 libmatchbox1 librsvg2-2 libgtk2.0-0 libkfile4 libqt4-svg libnepomukutils4 phonon-backend-vlc libkio5 libkparts4 libphononexperimental4 calligra-libs libdbusmenu-qt2 calligraplan libnepomuk4 phonon-backend-gstreamer libsolid4 libphonon4 krita libkrosscore4 libkdcraw23 libkrossui4 libgtk-3-0 vlc-plugin-base librsvg2-common libgtk2.0-bin libkdeui5 phonon libkfile4 calligraplan libqtgui4 libgtk-3-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libmatchbox1 librsvg2-2 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libkparts4 calligra-libs libpoppler-qt4-4 libqt4-declarative libqt4-opengl libgtk-3-bin matchbox-window-manager libnepomukquery4a vlc-nox adwaita-icon-theme libnepomuk4 libqtgui4 libmatchbox1 vlc-plugin-base librsvg2-common libkdeui5 humanity-icon-theme ubuntu-mono adwaita-icon-theme libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-0 librsvg2-common systemd initscripts util-linux systemd-sysv init
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Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid main
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid-updates main
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid-updates universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid-updates multiverse
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu vivid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
#deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
#deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
#deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid-updates main
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid-updates universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports vivid-updates multiverse
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu vivid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
#deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
#deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
#deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
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243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
apt-get update
在修改/etc/apt/sources.list或/etc/apt/preferences之后运行该命令。此外您需要定期运行这一命令以确保您的软件包列表是最新的。
apt-get install packagename
安装一个新软件包（参见下文的aptitude）
apt-get remove packagename
卸载一个已安装的软件包（保留配置文档）
apt-get remove --purge packagename
卸载一个已安装的软件包（删除配置文档）
apt-get autoremove packagename
删除包及其依赖的软件包
apt-get autoremove --purge packagname
删除包及其依赖的软件包+配置文件，比上面的要删除的彻底一点
dpkg --force-all --purge packagename
有些软件很难卸载，而且还阻止了别的软件的应用，就能够用这个，但是有点冒险。
apt-get autoclean
apt会把已装或已卸的软件都备份在硬盘上，所以假如需要空间的话，能够让这个命令来删除您已卸载掉的软件的备份。
apt-get clean
这个命令会把安装的软件的备份也删除，但是这样不会影响软件的使用。
apt-get upgrade
可以使用这条命令更新软件包，apt-get upgrade不仅可以从相同版本号的发布版中更新软件包，也可以从新版本号的发布版中更新软件包，尽管实现后一种更新的推荐命令为apt-get dist-upgrade。
在运行apt-get upgrade命令时加上-u选项很有用（即：apt-get -u upgrade)。这个选项让APT显示完整的可更新软件包列表。不加这个选项，你就只能盲目地更新。APT会下载每个软件包的最新更新版本，然后以合理的次序安装它们。注意在运行该命令前应先运行 apt-get update更新数据库，更新任何已安装的软件包。[2]
apt-get dist-upgrade
将系统升级到新版本。
apt-cache search string
在软件包列表中搜索字符串。
dpkg -l package-name-pattern列出任何和模式相匹配的软件包。假如您不知道软件包的全名，您能够使用“*package-name-pattern*”。
aptitude
周详查看已安装或可用的软件包。和apt-get类似，aptitude能够通过命令行方式调用，但仅限于某些命令——最常见的有安装和卸载命令。
由于aptitude比apt-get了解更多信息，能够说他更适合用来进行安装和卸载。
How to know the version of installed package?
apt-cache policy <package name>
The above command will shows installed package version and also all the available versions in the repository according to the version of Ubuntu in which you are running.It doesn't display the package version which was intended for another version of Ubuntu(not your's).
Example:
$ apt-cache policy gparted
gparted:
Installed: 0.16.1-1
Candidate: 0.16.1-1
Version table:
*** 0.16.1-1 0
500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
So the installed gparted version is 0.16.1-1.
How to install a specific package version?
sudo apt-get install package=version
Example:
$ sudo apt-get install gparted=0.16.1-1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gparted is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 265 not upgraded.
在修改/etc/apt/sources.list或/etc/apt/preferences之后运行该命令。此外您需要定期运行这一命令以确保您的软件包列表是最新的。
apt-get install packagename
安装一个新软件包（参见下文的aptitude）
apt-get remove packagename
卸载一个已安装的软件包（保留配置文档）
apt-get remove --purge packagename
卸载一个已安装的软件包（删除配置文档）
apt-get autoremove packagename
删除包及其依赖的软件包
apt-get autoremove --purge packagname
删除包及其依赖的软件包+配置文件，比上面的要删除的彻底一点
dpkg --force-all --purge packagename
有些软件很难卸载，而且还阻止了别的软件的应用，就能够用这个，但是有点冒险。
apt-get autoclean
apt会把已装或已卸的软件都备份在硬盘上，所以假如需要空间的话，能够让这个命令来删除您已卸载掉的软件的备份。
apt-get clean
这个命令会把安装的软件的备份也删除，但是这样不会影响软件的使用。
apt-get upgrade
可以使用这条命令更新软件包，apt-get upgrade不仅可以从相同版本号的发布版中更新软件包，也可以从新版本号的发布版中更新软件包，尽管实现后一种更新的推荐命令为apt-get dist-upgrade。
在运行apt-get upgrade命令时加上-u选项很有用（即：apt-get -u upgrade)。这个选项让APT显示完整的可更新软件包列表。不加这个选项，你就只能盲目地更新。APT会下载每个软件包的最新更新版本，然后以合理的次序安装它们。注意在运行该命令前应先运行 apt-get update更新数据库，更新任何已安装的软件包。[2]
apt-get dist-upgrade
将系统升级到新版本。
apt-cache search string
在软件包列表中搜索字符串。
dpkg -l package-name-pattern列出任何和模式相匹配的软件包。假如您不知道软件包的全名，您能够使用“*package-name-pattern*”。
aptitude
周详查看已安装或可用的软件包。和apt-get类似，aptitude能够通过命令行方式调用，但仅限于某些命令——最常见的有安装和卸载命令。
由于aptitude比apt-get了解更多信息，能够说他更适合用来进行安装和卸载。
How to know the version of installed package?
apt-cache policy <package name>
The above command will shows installed package version and also all the available versions in the repository according to the version of Ubuntu in which you are running.It doesn't display the package version which was intended for another version of Ubuntu(not your's).
Example:
$ apt-cache policy gparted
gparted:
Installed: 0.16.1-1
Candidate: 0.16.1-1
Version table:
*** 0.16.1-1 0
500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
So the installed gparted version is 0.16.1-1.
How to install a specific package version?
sudo apt-get install package=version
Example:
$ sudo apt-get install gparted=0.16.1-1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gparted is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 265 not upgraded.
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243750496
- 帖子： 1038
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Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
cd ../../krita
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
[功能]
ubuntu下面的软件包管理工具。
[举例]
目前常用的
==========
*更新本机中的数据库缓存：
sudo apt-get update
*查找包含部分关键字的软件包：
sudo apt-cache search <你要查找的name>
*安装指定的软件：
sudo apt-get install <你要安装的软件包>
*下载软件包源代码（如果有的话）:
apt-get source <你要下载的源代码包名>
详细的资料
=========
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-h ... ng.en.html
apt-get:
安装和卸载------
*更新本机中的数据库缓存：
sudo apt-get update
最好定期更新一下使你自己机器上面的数据和服务器(/etc/apt/sources.list列出)上面的信息保持一致,在安装软件之前可以运行一下这个命令保证成功性。
*安装软件：
#apt-get install packagename
这里将安装你需要的在sources.lists中的最新的软件包，如果有其他依赖则自动安装相应的依赖软件包。packagename可以是多个软件包。
一些有用的选项：
-h This help text.
-d Download only - do NOT install or unpack archives
-f Attempt to continue if the integrity check fails
-s No-act. Perform ordering simulation
-y Assume Yes to all queries and do not prompt
-u Show a list of upgraded packages as well
*卸载软件(用install)：
#apt-get install packagename-
在需要卸载的包后面加上一个'-'（我没有实验过）,当然可以apt-get install p1 p2-这样多个命令合并了,装p1卸p2。
*卸载软件2：
#apt-get remove packagename
这会卸载相应的软件，同时也会卸载依赖的部分，没办法指定不卸载依赖的。但是软件的配置文件还是会留在系统中。
*完全卸载软件包括删除配置：
#apt-get --purge remove packagename
这样配置文件也会被删除。
*安装软件2（用remove）:
#apt-get remove packagename+
这个和用install来卸载软件的意义类似，在包名称后面添加一个+，表示安装。
*修复或者只安装最新版本：
#apt-get --reinstall install packagename
这里，如果你的软件包被破坏了，或者你想要安装一个最新的软件，运行这个。
升级软件包------
*升级软件包1：
#apt-get -u upgrade
这里加上-u选项列出将要升级的软件，可能会提示有些软件不会升级，因为可能会破坏依赖关系，更好的方法是利用apt-get dist-upgrade
你可以通过cd或者添加源地址来更新，如果你想从cd来升级，首先运行apt-cdrom把cd中的软件添加到/etc/apt/sources源中，然后运行apt-get dist-upgrade来升级，但是因为apt-get总是使用最新版本，如果cd中的不是最新的版本，那么也不会用到cd。
*升级软件包2：
#apt-get -u dist-upgrade
这样安装的软件前面apt-get -u upgrade安不了的也会安装了，但个别的仍然不能安装，例如：升级会导致需要卸载一些包，卸载这些包会导致另外的软件不能用，所以就不升级了。
*升级软件包3：
#apt-get -u install packagename
假设前面升级的时候packagename无法升级，那么这个命令会升级packagename如果需要卸载默写模块而卸载这些模块导致一些软件无法使用，那么干脆把这些软件都卸载了，然后升级，这个命令会导致packagename最终升级了。
清理没用的包文件------
用apt-get 安装软件包的时候，apt会从/etc/apt/sources.list里面将相应的软件包恢复出来，把它们存放在一个本地的文档库中（/var/cache/apt/archives/）然后才开始安装，随着时间的增长，这将不断地消耗硬盘的空间。
*清理所有的缓存文件：
#apt-get clean
这会清理所/var/cache/apt/archives/ 和 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/中没有被锁定的文件。当然你再次安装软件的时候，这个软件又被恢复到本地文档库中了。
*仅仅清理旧的缓存文件：
#apt-get autoclean
这会清理旧版本的/var/cache/apt/archives/ 和 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/中的文件。旧版本是指已经有更新的版本的软件了，再下载的话应下载最新的而不是这个旧版本的了。根据apt-show-versions -p可以知道哪些是旧的。
*安装指定版本的软件包:
# apt-get install package=version
查找信息--------
*查找一个含有packagename字符串的包:
#apt-cache search packagename
这样将输出所包含packagename字符串的包。
*显示软件包的详细信息：
# apt-cache show stella
这包含了软件包许多的信息，例如如果你已经安装了这个软件包，信息里面也会显示。
*显示软件包的大致信息：
apt-cache showpkg packagename
这会显示大致的信息。
*查看那些包可以升级的信息：
$ apt-show-versions -u
这个apt-show-versions工具需要安装一下的。
*查看当前特定软件版本：
apt-show-versions -p packagename
*检查packagename依赖的包：
#apt-cache depends packagename
工作相关--------
*安装编译源代码需要的库(包)：
# apt-get build-dep packagename
所的源代码包一个'Build-Depends'域，指明了从源代码编译这个包需要安装的软件。上面的命令可以下载这些包，其中'packagename'是包名。
*查看编译一个包需要哪些其他的库（包）：
#apt-cache show packagename
如果你只是想要检查编译一个包需要哪些其他的包，那么可以利用上面的命令,其中'packagename'是包名。
*下载包packagename的源代码：
$ apt-get source packagename
这将在当前目录下载个文件：*.orig.tar.gz,*.dsc,*.diff.gz。如果这个包是debian的，那么最后一个文件没有，并且第一个文件名里面不包括"orig"字符串。
.dsc文件被dpkg-source使用，把源代码包解压到目录 packagename-version.每一个下载的源代码包里面都有一个debian/目录，这个目录包含了用于创建.deb包的文件。
*下载的时候自动把源代码包编译：
$ apt-get -b source packagename
可能是编译成.deb包，我没有试过。
*根据下载的源代码创建deb包:
$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b
如果你决定在下载的时候不创建deb包，你可以以后通过在下载的包之后创建的目录里面运行这个命令来创建。
*直接利用包管理器安装包：
# dpkg -i file.deb
需要直接使用包管理器，运行这个命令来安装包。
-------dpkg查找
*已知软件包中有一个文件，根据文件查找软件包：
# dpkg -S stdio.h
输入之后，输出如下：
libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h
perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h
这在知道包中某些文件的时候，来根据文件查找软件包这种情况下非常用。
*查找安装在你的机器上面的软件包：
dpkg -l
*自动安装缺失的软件:
# auto-apt run command
这里，command是你要运行的命令。例如 auto-apt run ./configure .当缺失依赖软件的时候，它会询问你安装，方便了编译。安装之后会继续运行。auto-apt需要保持一个最新的数据库，利用这个命令进行更新：auto-apt update, auto-apt updatedb and auto-apt update-local。
--------apt-get查找
*利用apt-file根据文件名查找相应的软件包：
$ apt-file search filename
如果你只知道程序名字filename，那么你可以运行这个命令，它的工作方式和 dpkg -S差不多，就是根据某个软件包里可能包含的文件来查找这个软件包的名字。另外，它也会显示包含这个文件的没有安装的软件包。当你编译的时候，提示缺了什么头文件的时候，利用这个很方便地确定需要装哪些软件包（当然利用audo-apt更方便）.
*列出一个软件包中包含的文件：
$apt-file list packagename
这里，apt-file是根据一个数据库来读取信息的，所以需要保持数据库是最新的。
*更新apt-file的数据库：
# apt-file update
默认情况下，apt-file的数据库和auto-apt是一样的。
ubuntu下面的软件包管理工具。
[举例]
目前常用的
==========
*更新本机中的数据库缓存：
sudo apt-get update
*查找包含部分关键字的软件包：
sudo apt-cache search <你要查找的name>
*安装指定的软件：
sudo apt-get install <你要安装的软件包>
*下载软件包源代码（如果有的话）:
apt-get source <你要下载的源代码包名>
详细的资料
=========
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-h ... ng.en.html
apt-get:
安装和卸载------
*更新本机中的数据库缓存：
sudo apt-get update
最好定期更新一下使你自己机器上面的数据和服务器(/etc/apt/sources.list列出)上面的信息保持一致,在安装软件之前可以运行一下这个命令保证成功性。
*安装软件：
#apt-get install packagename
这里将安装你需要的在sources.lists中的最新的软件包，如果有其他依赖则自动安装相应的依赖软件包。packagename可以是多个软件包。
一些有用的选项：
-h This help text.
-d Download only - do NOT install or unpack archives
-f Attempt to continue if the integrity check fails
-s No-act. Perform ordering simulation
-y Assume Yes to all queries and do not prompt
-u Show a list of upgraded packages as well
*卸载软件(用install)：
#apt-get install packagename-
在需要卸载的包后面加上一个'-'（我没有实验过）,当然可以apt-get install p1 p2-这样多个命令合并了,装p1卸p2。
*卸载软件2：
#apt-get remove packagename
这会卸载相应的软件，同时也会卸载依赖的部分，没办法指定不卸载依赖的。但是软件的配置文件还是会留在系统中。
*完全卸载软件包括删除配置：
#apt-get --purge remove packagename
这样配置文件也会被删除。
*安装软件2（用remove）:
#apt-get remove packagename+
这个和用install来卸载软件的意义类似，在包名称后面添加一个+，表示安装。
*修复或者只安装最新版本：
#apt-get --reinstall install packagename
这里，如果你的软件包被破坏了，或者你想要安装一个最新的软件，运行这个。
升级软件包------
*升级软件包1：
#apt-get -u upgrade
这里加上-u选项列出将要升级的软件，可能会提示有些软件不会升级，因为可能会破坏依赖关系，更好的方法是利用apt-get dist-upgrade
你可以通过cd或者添加源地址来更新，如果你想从cd来升级，首先运行apt-cdrom把cd中的软件添加到/etc/apt/sources源中，然后运行apt-get dist-upgrade来升级，但是因为apt-get总是使用最新版本，如果cd中的不是最新的版本，那么也不会用到cd。
*升级软件包2：
#apt-get -u dist-upgrade
这样安装的软件前面apt-get -u upgrade安不了的也会安装了，但个别的仍然不能安装，例如：升级会导致需要卸载一些包，卸载这些包会导致另外的软件不能用，所以就不升级了。
*升级软件包3：
#apt-get -u install packagename
假设前面升级的时候packagename无法升级，那么这个命令会升级packagename如果需要卸载默写模块而卸载这些模块导致一些软件无法使用，那么干脆把这些软件都卸载了，然后升级，这个命令会导致packagename最终升级了。
清理没用的包文件------
用apt-get 安装软件包的时候，apt会从/etc/apt/sources.list里面将相应的软件包恢复出来，把它们存放在一个本地的文档库中（/var/cache/apt/archives/）然后才开始安装，随着时间的增长，这将不断地消耗硬盘的空间。
*清理所有的缓存文件：
#apt-get clean
这会清理所/var/cache/apt/archives/ 和 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/中没有被锁定的文件。当然你再次安装软件的时候，这个软件又被恢复到本地文档库中了。
*仅仅清理旧的缓存文件：
#apt-get autoclean
这会清理旧版本的/var/cache/apt/archives/ 和 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/中的文件。旧版本是指已经有更新的版本的软件了，再下载的话应下载最新的而不是这个旧版本的了。根据apt-show-versions -p可以知道哪些是旧的。
*安装指定版本的软件包:
# apt-get install package=version
查找信息--------
*查找一个含有packagename字符串的包:
#apt-cache search packagename
这样将输出所包含packagename字符串的包。
*显示软件包的详细信息：
# apt-cache show stella
这包含了软件包许多的信息，例如如果你已经安装了这个软件包，信息里面也会显示。
*显示软件包的大致信息：
apt-cache showpkg packagename
这会显示大致的信息。
*查看那些包可以升级的信息：
$ apt-show-versions -u
这个apt-show-versions工具需要安装一下的。
*查看当前特定软件版本：
apt-show-versions -p packagename
*检查packagename依赖的包：
#apt-cache depends packagename
工作相关--------
*安装编译源代码需要的库(包)：
# apt-get build-dep packagename
所的源代码包一个'Build-Depends'域，指明了从源代码编译这个包需要安装的软件。上面的命令可以下载这些包，其中'packagename'是包名。
*查看编译一个包需要哪些其他的库（包）：
#apt-cache show packagename
如果你只是想要检查编译一个包需要哪些其他的包，那么可以利用上面的命令,其中'packagename'是包名。
*下载包packagename的源代码：
$ apt-get source packagename
这将在当前目录下载个文件：*.orig.tar.gz,*.dsc,*.diff.gz。如果这个包是debian的，那么最后一个文件没有，并且第一个文件名里面不包括"orig"字符串。
.dsc文件被dpkg-source使用，把源代码包解压到目录 packagename-version.每一个下载的源代码包里面都有一个debian/目录，这个目录包含了用于创建.deb包的文件。
*下载的时候自动把源代码包编译：
$ apt-get -b source packagename
可能是编译成.deb包，我没有试过。
*根据下载的源代码创建deb包:
$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b
如果你决定在下载的时候不创建deb包，你可以以后通过在下载的包之后创建的目录里面运行这个命令来创建。
*直接利用包管理器安装包：
# dpkg -i file.deb
需要直接使用包管理器，运行这个命令来安装包。
-------dpkg查找
*已知软件包中有一个文件，根据文件查找软件包：
# dpkg -S stdio.h
输入之后，输出如下：
libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h
perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h
这在知道包中某些文件的时候，来根据文件查找软件包这种情况下非常用。
*查找安装在你的机器上面的软件包：
dpkg -l
*自动安装缺失的软件:
# auto-apt run command
这里，command是你要运行的命令。例如 auto-apt run ./configure .当缺失依赖软件的时候，它会询问你安装，方便了编译。安装之后会继续运行。auto-apt需要保持一个最新的数据库，利用这个命令进行更新：auto-apt update, auto-apt updatedb and auto-apt update-local。
--------apt-get查找
*利用apt-file根据文件名查找相应的软件包：
$ apt-file search filename
如果你只知道程序名字filename，那么你可以运行这个命令，它的工作方式和 dpkg -S差不多，就是根据某个软件包里可能包含的文件来查找这个软件包的名字。另外，它也会显示包含这个文件的没有安装的软件包。当你编译的时候，提示缺了什么头文件的时候，利用这个很方便地确定需要装哪些软件包（当然利用audo-apt更方便）.
*列出一个软件包中包含的文件：
$apt-file list packagename
这里，apt-file是根据一个数据库来读取信息的，所以需要保持数据库是最新的。
*更新apt-file的数据库：
# apt-file update
默认情况下，apt-file的数据库和auto-apt是一样的。
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted universe multiverse
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
The recent release of Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak includes a developer preview of Unity 8 for desktop and the installation of snaps!
The universal ‘snap’ Linux packages combine both container and packaging technologies to give developers a single format to distribute their apps and services from cloud to personal computing and IoT. Some of the snaps available on desktop include LibreOffice, Krita, and Rocket.Chat which can be distributed as universal packages across Linux distributions.
‘Rocket.Chat, the open source web chat platform had to support over 30 deployment platforms across many different on-premises and cloud solutions. Making Rocket.Chat available as a snap was a simple process which now means any user can install the service in a few minutes as opposed to requiring hours of configuration by a system administrator. This is definitely one of the easiest distribution methods we have ever used.’ Gabriel Engel, CEO of Rocket.Chat
For the Unity 8 session it’s not yet possible to run a full set of desktop apps, however, there are some additional apps as snaps that can be installed in Edge mode on the 16.10 image.
If you do not know what Edge mode is… this is a good opportunity to discover channels! Channels are a mechanism available from the snap store to distribute an application at the various stages of its lifecycle… from the daily builds with the edge channel , to beta for your early testers , to candidate for the last minute tests and stable releases. They will make the whole process of managing early access to a release super simple. And make it just as easy for users to try apps that are still work in progress.
Stable – Most users consume this channel, as it’s the most polished, stable and tested version
Candidate – Used to vet uploads that should require no further code changes before moving to stable
Beta – Used to provide preview releases of semi-stable changes
Edge – the most raw release!
Gallery App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode gallery-app
Camera App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode camera-app
Address Book App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode address-book-app
Calendar App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode ubuntu-calendar-app
And to note, snaps are frequently updated which means you’ll always be running on the freshest version as soon as it’s available! Happy snapping.
The universal ‘snap’ Linux packages combine both container and packaging technologies to give developers a single format to distribute their apps and services from cloud to personal computing and IoT. Some of the snaps available on desktop include LibreOffice, Krita, and Rocket.Chat which can be distributed as universal packages across Linux distributions.
‘Rocket.Chat, the open source web chat platform had to support over 30 deployment platforms across many different on-premises and cloud solutions. Making Rocket.Chat available as a snap was a simple process which now means any user can install the service in a few minutes as opposed to requiring hours of configuration by a system administrator. This is definitely one of the easiest distribution methods we have ever used.’ Gabriel Engel, CEO of Rocket.Chat
For the Unity 8 session it’s not yet possible to run a full set of desktop apps, however, there are some additional apps as snaps that can be installed in Edge mode on the 16.10 image.
If you do not know what Edge mode is… this is a good opportunity to discover channels! Channels are a mechanism available from the snap store to distribute an application at the various stages of its lifecycle… from the daily builds with the edge channel , to beta for your early testers , to candidate for the last minute tests and stable releases. They will make the whole process of managing early access to a release super simple. And make it just as easy for users to try apps that are still work in progress.
Stable – Most users consume this channel, as it’s the most polished, stable and tested version
Candidate – Used to vet uploads that should require no further code changes before moving to stable
Beta – Used to provide preview releases of semi-stable changes
Edge – the most raw release!
Gallery App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode gallery-app
Camera App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode camera-app
Address Book App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode address-book-app
Calendar App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode ubuntu-calendar-app
And to note, snaps are frequently updated which means you’ll always be running on the freshest version as soon as it’s available! Happy snapping.
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
The recent release of Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak includes a developer preview of Unity 8 for desktop and the installation of snaps!
The universal ‘snap’ Linux packages combine both container and packaging technologies to give developers a single format to distribute their apps and services from cloud to personal computing and IoT. Some of the snaps available on desktop include LibreOffice, Krita, and Rocket.Chat which can be distributed as universal packages across Linux distributions.
‘Rocket.Chat, the open source web chat platform had to support over 30 deployment platforms across many different on-premises and cloud solutions. Making Rocket.Chat available as a snap was a simple process which now means any user can install the service in a few minutes as opposed to requiring hours of configuration by a system administrator. This is definitely one of the easiest distribution methods we have ever used.’ Gabriel Engel, CEO of Rocket.Chat
For the Unity 8 session it’s not yet possible to run a full set of desktop apps, however, there are some additional apps as snaps that can be installed in Edge mode on the 16.10 image.
If you do not know what Edge mode is… this is a good opportunity to discover channels! Channels are a mechanism available from the snap store to distribute an application at the various stages of its lifecycle… from the daily builds with the edge channel , to beta for your early testers , to candidate for the last minute tests and stable releases. They will make the whole process of managing early access to a release super simple. And make it just as easy for users to try apps that are still work in progress.
Stable – Most users consume this channel, as it’s the most polished, stable and tested version
Candidate – Used to vet uploads that should require no further code changes before moving to stable
Beta – Used to provide preview releases of semi-stable changes
Edge – the most raw release!
Gallery App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode gallery-app
Camera App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode camera-app
Address Book App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode address-book-app
Calendar App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode ubuntu-calendar-app
And to note, snaps are frequently updated which means you’ll always be running on the freshest version as soon as it’s available! Happy snapping.
The universal ‘snap’ Linux packages combine both container and packaging technologies to give developers a single format to distribute their apps and services from cloud to personal computing and IoT. Some of the snaps available on desktop include LibreOffice, Krita, and Rocket.Chat which can be distributed as universal packages across Linux distributions.
‘Rocket.Chat, the open source web chat platform had to support over 30 deployment platforms across many different on-premises and cloud solutions. Making Rocket.Chat available as a snap was a simple process which now means any user can install the service in a few minutes as opposed to requiring hours of configuration by a system administrator. This is definitely one of the easiest distribution methods we have ever used.’ Gabriel Engel, CEO of Rocket.Chat
For the Unity 8 session it’s not yet possible to run a full set of desktop apps, however, there are some additional apps as snaps that can be installed in Edge mode on the 16.10 image.
If you do not know what Edge mode is… this is a good opportunity to discover channels! Channels are a mechanism available from the snap store to distribute an application at the various stages of its lifecycle… from the daily builds with the edge channel , to beta for your early testers , to candidate for the last minute tests and stable releases. They will make the whole process of managing early access to a release super simple. And make it just as easy for users to try apps that are still work in progress.
Stable – Most users consume this channel, as it’s the most polished, stable and tested version
Candidate – Used to vet uploads that should require no further code changes before moving to stable
Beta – Used to provide preview releases of semi-stable changes
Edge – the most raw release!
Gallery App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode gallery-app
Camera App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode camera-app
Address Book App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode address-book-app
Calendar App:
sudo snap install --edge --devmode ubuntu-calendar-app
And to note, snaps are frequently updated which means you’ll always be running on the freshest version as soon as it’s available! Happy snapping.
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243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted universe multiverse
libertine /etc/apt/sources.list Backup
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security main restricted universe multiverse
libertine /etc/apt/sources.list Backup
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243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
删除Libertine中的僵尸图标：
phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ sudo find /home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid -name freecad*
/home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.list
/home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.postrm
/home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/home/freecad.deb
phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ sudo rm -rf /home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.list
phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ rm -rf /home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.postrm
然后在Libertine里进入myapps右上角齿轮->Manage Container点击update container
然后返回后再点击齿轮选择Container Information看更新完了之后
重启
然后僵尸图标就没了
尽量从应用商店下载否则自己安装deb会导致僵尸图标
phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ sudo find /home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid -name freecad*
/home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.list
/home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.postrm
/home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/home/freecad.deb
phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ sudo rm -rf /home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.list
phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ rm -rf /home/phablet/.cache/libertine-container/vivid/rootfs/var/lib/dpkg/info/freecad.postrm
然后在Libertine里进入myapps右上角齿轮->Manage Container点击update container
然后返回后再点击齿轮选择Container Information看更新完了之后
重启
然后僵尸图标就没了
尽量从应用商店下载否则自己安装deb会导致僵尸图标
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install cmakeReading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
codeblocks eclipse ninja-build
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cmake
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/2,064 kB of archives.
After this operation, 8,646 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package cmake.
(Reading database ... 42772 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../cmake_3.0.2-1ubuntu2_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking cmake (3.0.2-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up cmake (3.0.2-1ubuntu2) ...
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# cmake -DFREECAD_USE_EXTERNAL_PIVY=1 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../freecad
-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:1 (project):
No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER could be found.
Tell CMake where to find the compiler by setting either the environment
variable "CXX" or the CMake cache entry CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to the full path
to the compiler, or to the compiler name if it is in the PATH.
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install gcc gcc-c++
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package gcc-c+
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'gcc-c+'
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install gcc g++
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gcc is already the newest version.
gcc set to manually installed.
The following extra packages will be installed:
g++-4.9 libstdc++-4.9-dev
Suggested packages:
g++-multilib g++-4.9-multilib gcc-4.9-doc libstdc++6-4.9-dbg
libstdc++-4.9-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
g++ g++-4.9 libstdc++-4.9-dev
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 27.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid/main libstdc++-4.9-dev armhf 4.9.2-10ubuntu13 [1,143 kB]
Get:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid/main g++-4.9 armhf 4.9.2-10ubuntu13 [8,859 kB]
Get:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid/main g++ armhf 4:4.9.2-2ubuntu2 [1,618 B]
Fetched 10.0 MB in 20s (498 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libstdc++-4.9-dev:armhf.
(Reading database ... 42782 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libstdc++-4.9-dev_4.9.2-10ubuntu13_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking libstdc++-4.9-dev:armhf (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Selecting previously unselected package g++-4.9.
Preparing to unpack .../g++-4.9_4.9.2-10ubuntu13_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking g++-4.9 (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Selecting previously unselected package g++.
Preparing to unpack .../g++_4%3a4.9.2-2ubuntu2_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking g++ (4:4.9.2-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libstdc++-4.9-dev:armhf (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Setting up g++-4.9 (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Setting up g++ (4:4.9.2-2ubuntu2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/g++ to provide /usr/bin/c++ (c++) in auto mode
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# rm -rf *
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# cmake -DFREECAD_USE_EXTERNAL_PIVY=1 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../freecad
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.9.2
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.9.2
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Looking for GL/gl.h
-- Looking for GL/gl.h - not found
-- Looking for C++ include istream
-- Looking for C++ include istream - found
-- Looking for C++ include ostream
-- Looking for C++ include ostream - found
-- Looking for C++ include fstream
-- Looking for C++ include fstream - found
-- Looking for C++ include sstream
-- Looking for C++ include sstream - found
-- Looking for C++ include ios
-- Looking for C++ include ios - found
-- Looking for C++ include iostream
-- Looking for C++ include iostream - found
-- Looking for C++ include iomanip
-- Looking for C++ include iomanip - found
-- Looking for C++ include iostream
-- Looking for C++ include iostream - found
-- Check for STD namespace
-- Check for STD namespace - found
-- prefix: /usr/local
-- datadir: data
-- docdir: doc
-- includedir: include
-- libdir: /usr/local/lib
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python (found version "2.7.9")
-- Could NOT find PythonLibs (missing: PYTHON_LIBRARIES PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS) (Required is exact version "2.7.9")
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:513 (MESSAGE):
=================================
Python not found, install Python!
=================================
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install gcc g++ python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
g++ is already the newest version.
gcc is already the newest version.
python is already the newest version.
python set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build#
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
codeblocks eclipse ninja-build
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cmake
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/2,064 kB of archives.
After this operation, 8,646 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package cmake.
(Reading database ... 42772 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../cmake_3.0.2-1ubuntu2_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking cmake (3.0.2-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up cmake (3.0.2-1ubuntu2) ...
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# cmake -DFREECAD_USE_EXTERNAL_PIVY=1 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../freecad
-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:1 (project):
No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER could be found.
Tell CMake where to find the compiler by setting either the environment
variable "CXX" or the CMake cache entry CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to the full path
to the compiler, or to the compiler name if it is in the PATH.
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install gcc gcc-c++
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package gcc-c+
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'gcc-c+'
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install gcc g++
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gcc is already the newest version.
gcc set to manually installed.
The following extra packages will be installed:
g++-4.9 libstdc++-4.9-dev
Suggested packages:
g++-multilib g++-4.9-multilib gcc-4.9-doc libstdc++6-4.9-dbg
libstdc++-4.9-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
g++ g++-4.9 libstdc++-4.9-dev
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 27.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid/main libstdc++-4.9-dev armhf 4.9.2-10ubuntu13 [1,143 kB]
Get:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid/main g++-4.9 armhf 4.9.2-10ubuntu13 [8,859 kB]
Get:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid/main g++ armhf 4:4.9.2-2ubuntu2 [1,618 B]
Fetched 10.0 MB in 20s (498 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libstdc++-4.9-dev:armhf.
(Reading database ... 42782 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libstdc++-4.9-dev_4.9.2-10ubuntu13_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking libstdc++-4.9-dev:armhf (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Selecting previously unselected package g++-4.9.
Preparing to unpack .../g++-4.9_4.9.2-10ubuntu13_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking g++-4.9 (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Selecting previously unselected package g++.
Preparing to unpack .../g++_4%3a4.9.2-2ubuntu2_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking g++ (4:4.9.2-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libstdc++-4.9-dev:armhf (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Setting up g++-4.9 (4.9.2-10ubuntu13) ...
Setting up g++ (4:4.9.2-2ubuntu2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/g++ to provide /usr/bin/c++ (c++) in auto mode
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# rm -rf *
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# cmake -DFREECAD_USE_EXTERNAL_PIVY=1 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../freecad
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.9.2
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.9.2
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Looking for GL/gl.h
-- Looking for GL/gl.h - not found
-- Looking for C++ include istream
-- Looking for C++ include istream - found
-- Looking for C++ include ostream
-- Looking for C++ include ostream - found
-- Looking for C++ include fstream
-- Looking for C++ include fstream - found
-- Looking for C++ include sstream
-- Looking for C++ include sstream - found
-- Looking for C++ include ios
-- Looking for C++ include ios - found
-- Looking for C++ include iostream
-- Looking for C++ include iostream - found
-- Looking for C++ include iomanip
-- Looking for C++ include iomanip - found
-- Looking for C++ include iostream
-- Looking for C++ include iostream - found
-- Check for STD namespace
-- Check for STD namespace - found
-- prefix: /usr/local
-- datadir: data
-- docdir: doc
-- includedir: include
-- libdir: /usr/local/lib
-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python (found version "2.7.9")
-- Could NOT find PythonLibs (missing: PYTHON_LIBRARIES PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS) (Required is exact version "2.7.9")
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:513 (MESSAGE):
=================================
Python not found, install Python!
=================================
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/home/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install gcc g++ python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
g++ is already the newest version.
gcc is already the newest version.
python is already the newest version.
python set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build#
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
root@ubuntu-phablet:/home/build# apt-get install python3-dev python3-pip python3-tk python3-lxml python3-six python-dev
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get install -f
root@zyper:/etc# dpkg --configure -a
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get --fix-broken install
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get --fix-missing install
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get clean
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get autoclean
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get autoremove
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get update
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get upgrade
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get install libboost-all-dev
apt-cache policy libboost-all-dev
apt-cache policy libboost-date-time-dev
apt-cache policy ibboost-filesystem-dev
apt相关用法
sudo apt-get install cmake-qt-gui cmake 图形化操作界面
root@zyper:/etc# dpkg --configure -a
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get --fix-broken install
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get --fix-missing install
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get clean
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get autoclean
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get autoremove
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get update
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get upgrade
root@zyper:/etc# apt-get install libboost-all-dev
apt-cache policy libboost-all-dev
apt-cache policy libboost-date-time-dev
apt-cache policy ibboost-filesystem-dev
apt相关用法
sudo apt-get install cmake-qt-gui cmake 图形化操作界面