【分享】圖像處理軟體IRAF的安裝指南

[ilovegoogle]

文章不是我寫的，是科學網部落格上的一個人,步驟很詳細了(其實文章作者也是從網上搜集來的資料)。這篇《指南》的位址在:
HTTP://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-287062-349790.html

(2013年11月22日再補充一篇《IRAF 2.15安裝筆記》，跟上面的指南都放在SkyDrive上供大家下載)

IRAF 是美國國家光學天文臺(NOAO,National Optical Astronomical Observatory)開發的一款免費強大的圖像處理和天文數據處理軟體,只能在Linux/UNIX/MacOSX系統上安裝(微軟Windows使用者就別指望了)。不僅僅是天文學家,廣大天文愛好者和攝影愛好者亦可以使用,反正是免費的。（不過IRAF好像不是GNU的東西,我希望它是）

我從網上蒐集了IRAF的FAQ文檔，放到了Windows Live SkyDrive免費網路硬碟上面供大家免費下載使用，下載地址：
https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=68F33C57 ... D97C4B!105
打開這個長長的連結以後，可以看到一個叫做「向全世界分享(免費下載)」的資料夾，進入這個資料夾就能看到資料並且下載了。下面附上一幅下載頁面的截圖：

[ilovegoogle]

Linux系統本身內建了GIMP,這回再裝上IRAF,那麼Linux上的圖像和圖像資料處理能力就風生水起了......

[ilovegoogle]

IRAF FAQ目錄

您在上面的截圖中看到了一個名為「IRAF FAQ」的檔案，這是一個zip檔案(使用7-Zip壓縮製成)，您解壓縮以後會發現這個資料夾含有15個mht檔案，它們都是我從IRAF官方網站(http://iraf.noao.edu)下載的，以便於廣大的IRAF使用者在沒有連上Internet的情況下閱讀，更方便的做法是在Android平板電腦上使用Opera瀏覽器來閱讀這些檔案。

下面是這15個FAQ(Frequently Asked Questions)的目錄，透過這15個mht檔案，您可以看到下面所有問題的詳細解答。

Section 1: GENERAL

* What is IRAF?
* Should I get it - is it appropriate for my needs?
* What general image processing tools are included with the core system?
* What software does IRAF have for spectral data?
* What software does IRAF have for direct imaging data?
* Are the IRAF reduction packages limited to use with NOAO instruments?
* How do I get IRAF; how much does it cost?
* Is IRAF public domain software?
* What are the system requirements if I want to install IRAF?
* What is the current version of IRAF?
* When is the next version of IRAF going to be released?
* What is the status of XGterm and XImtool?
* On which platforms does IRAF run?
* Does IRAF run on a PC under DOS? under Unix?
* If I upgrade my OS will IRAF continue to run?
* How difficult is it to port IRAF to my own system?
* What window systems does IRAF run under?
* Is IRAF easy to install?
* How widely used is IRAF?
* How do I acknowledge IRAF in a publication?

Section 2: SUPPORT SERVICES

* What types of services can I expect as an IRAF user?
* What sort of on-line help is available in IRAF?
* Where can I send general questions about IRAF?
* Can I talk to a real person with installation or user questions?
* Is there an IRAF network archive; how do I access it; what's in it?
* Is there an IRAF network mail facility yet? How do I access it?
* Can I get IRAF newsgroup information through a listserver?
* What is the IRAFINFO facility?

Section 3: DOCUMENTATION

* How can I learn to use IRAF?
* Is there a beginner's guide for IRAF?
* Is there IRAF help online?
* What general documentation is available? Where can I find it?
* What documentation do you recommend that I have for the latest release?
* What manuals are available for helping me do photometry?
* What manuals are available for helping me do spectroscopy?
* What documents are available for general image processing?
* What programming documentation is available?
* How can I learn more about the WCS in IRAF?
* What installation manuals are available and where are they?
* Are there revisions notices for the last release?
* Is there a buglog for IRAF? How can I get a copy?
* Is there a manual for SAOimage?
* How can I subscribe to the IRAF Newsletter?
* What is the last issue of the IRAF Newsletter?
* Can I get back issues of the IRAF Newsletter?
* Is there an index for the Newsletter?

Section 4: LAYERED PACKAGES

* What are layered or external packages?
* What layered packages are available? How do I get them?
* How can I get the CTIO package?
* What is the STSDAS package? How can I get it?
* I need the TABLES package. How can I get it?
* What is PROS/XRAY package? How can I get it?
* What is the EUV package? How can I get it?
* Where do I send problem reports for the layered packages?
* How can I contribute my own software to IRAF so others can use it?

Section 5: DATA FORMATS

* What data formats are supported?
* How can I convert my data to the IRAF image format?
* How do I convert my ascii text file of wavelength and flux into an IRAF image?
* Does IRAF support world coordinate systems in images?
* What is the IRAF disk image format?
* How do I convert my GIF/JPEG images to IRAF?
* What are the "..image.imh" files associated with each of my images? Can I delete them to free up disk space?

Section 6: WINDOW SYSTEMS

* When I try to make an IRAF plot on my screen all I get is garbage in my window. How can I get an IRAF plot?
* How is stty "xtermjh" different from a standard "xterm" window?
* Why can't I get vector graphics from AIX/IRAF in an AIXterm window?
* Are we limited to having a single SAOimage process running per CPU?
* Can I run multiple SAOimage processes simultaneously from my account?
* What do I do about "Warning libxxx.s.o older than expected"?

Section 7: IMAGE DISPLAY

* How can I generate or display an RGB image?
* What is the proper value of "stdimage" for use with SAOimage or XImtool?
* How can I change the size of the frame buffer from the CL?
* What do I change to add a custom frame buffer size?
* How do I get a hardcopy of an image displayed with XImtool or SAOimage?
* What can I use for image display on a monochrome monitor?

Section 8: GRAPHICS

* What hardcopy output devices are supported with the distributed system?
* What additional SGI translators are available; how do I get them?
* What VMS/IRAF files do I edit to get my output device interfaced?
* What UNIX/IRAF files do I edit to get my output device interfaced?
* Can I generate color PostScript of an IRAF plot or displayed image?
* Does IRAF support Encapsulated PostScript?

Section 9: SYSTEM INSTALLATIONS

* I don't have enough diskspace for the entire system - what can I do?
* What does the IRAF install script really do - what files are modified?
* I'm not able to write in /usr - can I still install IRAF?
* Can I have more than one version of IRAF installed at a time?
* Can we make our local software look like an IRAF package?
* What does "ERROR: Cannot open device (node!imtool,,512,512)" mean?
* Where's my image? I display an image to SAOimage but get no image dis- played and no error, only the cl prompt.
* Why am I told "task `cl' has no param file" when I try to start the CL?
* What does "ERROR: Cannot open connected subprocess (pkg$x_pkg.e) mean?
* What do I do about "Warning libxxx.so older than expected" or "ld.so: libXXX.so: can't open file" messages?
* Why does VMS/IRAF report "cannot open tmp$uidxxx" when accessing a tape?
* Why does my script tell me "dictionary full"?
* What does "Warning: Out of space in image header" mean?
* Why does PHOT warn "Graphics overlay not available for display device."?
* Why does my task report "ERROR: parameter `foo' not found"?
* What does "ERROR: MWCS: dimension mismatch (mw_translate)" mean?
* My pixel files were moved to another disk and now the i_pixfile pathname in the image headers is wrong. How can IRAF find the pixels?
* How do I turn off the system id banner in output hardcopy plots?
* Why does IRAF kick me out when I type ^Z to exit EPARAM?

Section 10: NETWORK INSTALLATIONS

* What's different about installing Unix IRAF on a network instead of a standalone machine?
* If IRAF is NFS mounted to all the client nodes, why do I need to run the install script on each node?
* How do I access a remote tape drive from IRAF?
* Where can I find information on the structure and fields for the tapecap file?
* Can I use a VMS tape drive from a UNIX IRAF installation?
* How do I suppress the password prompt when accessing pixels?
* How do I disable IRAF networking for disk image access, but keep it to access the tape drives?

Section 11: HARDWARE

* On which platforms does IRAF run?
* What's the best machine to buy if I plan to run IRAF?
* What are the recommended hardware requirements of a workstation?
* What type of mag tape devices are supported and not supported?
* Should I buy a 24-bit frame buffer for my Sun?
* Can I use my Windows 9x PC to display IRAF images?
* Do you have benchmarks for IRAF on various machines?

Section 12: PROGRAMMING

* What programming languages can I use for IRAF software development?
* Can I install IRAF or layered software without having IRAF permissions?
* Can I call IMFORT procedures from C?
* Where are the IRAF libraries used by FC or XC for IMFORT tasks?
* Can I build IRAF software without using FC or XC?
* What Fortran compilers are supported?
* Can I call IRAF tasks from Unix C-shell scripts?
* I was wondering if you could provide a bit more info on how to use the new ability of the IRAF cl (#!cl) to act as a shell for Unix scripts.
* Will IRAF work with the Korn shell or tcsh?

Section 13: APPLICATIONS

* What is the meaning of the coefficients returned with the CURFIT task?
* What does "ERROR: MWCS: dimension mismatch (mw_translate)" mean?
* My pixel files were moved to another disk and now the i_pixfile pathname in the image headers is wrong. How can IRAF find the pixels?
* How do I turn off the system id banner in output hardcopy plots?
* How can I find out what tasks are in IRAF?
* Is the surface photometry package available yet?
* I have a spectrum in a one dimensional image for which I had no trouble running IDENTIFY, REIDENTIFY, and REFSPECTRA but when I run DISPCOR I get the error "ERROR: MWCS: attribute not found (spec1)"
* Is there an ASTROMETRY package I can use?
* Whom should I contact if I have problems with the xray package?

Section 14: XGterm/XImtool ISSUES

* How do I change colors (cursor, background, text, etc) in my XGterm window?
* How do I change the crosshair cursor color so it appears on my mono- chrome monitor?
* How do I start XImtool with private fifo pipes?
* How should I set up my users to run Ximtool on an X-terminal?
* Can I control more than one XImtool at the same time?
* How can I change the background color in my ximtool window - the default color is black - I want white?
* Can I set the size and placement of the xgterm graphics window at startup time?
* Can I set the size and placement of the ximtool window at startup time?
* How can I tell what the default resources are for xgterm and ximtool? Is there a file somewhere with these values in them?
* Can FOCAS make use of the socket connections in XImtool for image display?
* When I try to start up XImtool I get an error about a BadMatch.
* About how much disk space is needed to install 2.11 for Sun machines.
* After upgrading to V2.11 external package tasks no longer recognize my images.

Section 15: PC-IRAF

* Is there a version of IRAF that will run on my PC?
* What Operating Systems are supported?
* What is the minimal hardware configuration?
* What is the recommended hardware configuration?
* How much disk space does IRAF require?
* Where can I get PC/IRAF?
* Where can I get precompiled binaries for external packages.
* Is there a CD-ROM distribution or runtime system? How much does it cost?
* Will IRAF run on my laptop?
* How hard is it to install Linux?
* Where can I get Linux?
* How can I be sure my version of Linux is compatible?
* Where can I get help installing Linux?
* What if my hardware isn't currently supported?

[ilovegoogle]

2013-01-05我向Windows Live SkyDrive網路硬碟添加了一個7z格式的壓縮檔案——《幾本Linux指令手冊》，包含有一些實用的Linux指令手冊。

[ilovegoogle]

2013-01-05晚上我再次向Windows Live SkyDrive網路硬碟裡面添加了一個重量級資料——鳥哥的Linux私房菜！

[dhqdqk]

mark

[photor]

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