chroot 到其他盘上的linux 系统（debain)能否update-grub 和 install-grub

[poloshiao]

3.曾经成功安装过一个debain版本，win7 + debain,那个版本现在找不到了，记得那是的磁盘显示是md126.

1. 表示 你這個 Raid 是 Software Raid 使用 mdadm 套件 所建立
1-1. 某些版本的 mdadm 會顯示
/dev/md126
/dev/md127
...
而非
/dev/md0
/dev/md1
...
這可以視為 Bug
較新的 mdadm 版本 已經修正

4.一个磁盘出问题导致系统全毁，搁置了一年多了现在再想重新安装双系统。

2. 如果以前 曾經使用 mdadm 建立 software raid
現在 想要拿同一個硬盤 使用 dmraid 來建立 Fake Raid
需要先執行
sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdxn
/dev/sdxy 是 /dev/mdn 的組成元素分割區
2-1. http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xen ... adm.8.html
mdadm - manage MD devices aka Linux Software RAID
--zero-superblock
If the device contains a valid md superblock, the block is overwritten with zeros. With --force the block where the superblock would be is overwritten even if it doesn't appear to be valid.
2-2. 新版本的 dmraid 組成的 Raid 一樣可以使用
sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdxn

电脑上装debain9,安装完成无法启动

/dev/dm-2 是efi分区 挂载在/boot/efi下。debain 和win10 共用一个efi分区。

sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/* | grep dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 8 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/C29E-0CF4 -> ../../dm-2

sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-partuuid/*
ls: cannot access '/dev/disk/by-partuuid/*': No such file or directory

sudo efibootmgr -v
Boot0001* debian HD(2,GPT,f12c040c-85de-4034-8acb-db2c57fe661a,0xe1800,0x31800)/File(\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi)

3. 在
/dev/disk/by-uuid/*
/dev/disk/by-partuuid/*
找不到
f12c040c-85de-4034-8acb-db2c57fe661a
所以無法找到
\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi
無法啟動 Debian 開機檔案 grubx64.efi

4. 等你執行
sudo fsarchiver probe simple
或
sudo fsarchiver probe detailed
的結果

[TeliuTe]

以前在阵列1上安装过debian5.0，硬盘安装没成功，只好刻了张光盘，传统bios mbr方式，记得需要注意的就是加载硬盘驱动，选择服务器内核

[helpmejssz]

2. 如果以前 曾經使用 mdadm 建立 software raid
現在 想要拿同一個硬盤 使用 dmraid 來建立 Fake Raid
需要先執行
sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdxn
/dev/sdxy 是 /dev/mdn 的組成元素分割區
2-1. http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xen ... adm.8.html
mdadm - manage MD devices aka Linux Software RAID
--zero-superblock
If the device contains a valid md superblock, the block is overwritten with zeros. With --force the block where the superblock would be is overwritten even if it doesn't appear to be valid.
2-2. 新版本的 dmraid 組成的 Raid 一樣可以使用
sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdxn

执行这一操作会影响目前硬盘的数据？

[helpmejssz]

Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001 appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 1024 blocks) or continue with the current setting?

这一提示是否和以前的残留信息有关？

[poloshiao]

执行这一操作会影响目前硬盘的数据？

1. 會
如果你現在已經可以暫時正常使用 建議 暫時不理它
只有無法正常使用 RAID 時 需要拆開 raid 針對其組成分割區 先歸零 再重組 RAID 重新格式化

Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001 appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 1024 blocks) or continue with the current setting?

这一提示是否和以前的残留信息有关？

2. 可能
但是目前沒有足夠資訊 可以下判斷
Warning 一般屬於通知性質 不是嚴重錯誤
如果已正常使用 不必急著處理

3. 補充 superblock
3-1. http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xen ... adm.8.html
mdadm - manage MD devices aka Linux Software RAID
--zero-superblock
If the device contains a valid md superblock, the block is overwritten with zeros. With --force the block where the superblock would be is overwritten even if it doesn'
3-2. https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/ ... ck_formats
RAID superblock formats

[helpmejssz]

helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
[sudo] password for helpmejssz:
helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [243 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [7,532 kB]
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [103 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [54.2 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [42.4 kB]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 Packages [7,428 B]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted Translation-en [2,428 B]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [108 kB]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [55.2 kB]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [32.2 kB]
Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [30.8 kB]
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [2,748 B]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse Translation-en [1,232 B]
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [212 B]
Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [29 B]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en [4,354 kB]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,410 kB]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [7,448 kB]
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse Translation-en [106 kB]
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [63.8 kB]
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [230 kB]
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [509 kB]
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [205 kB]
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [288 kB]
Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [184 kB]
Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,776 B]
Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted Translation-en [2,548 B]
Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [453 kB]
Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Translation-en [173 kB]
Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [160 kB]
Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [188 kB]
Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [8,920 B]
Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse Translation-en [4,136 B]
Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,516 B]
Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [7,765 B]
Fetched 26.4 MB in 8min 11s (53.6 kB/s)

** (appstreamcli:5574): CRITICAL **: Error while moving old database out of the way.
AppStream cache update failed.
Reading package lists... Done
helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install fsarchiver
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
reiser4progs ntfsprogs
The following NEW packages will be installed:
fsarchiver
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 166 not upgraded.
Need to get 87.1 kB of archives.
After this operation, 252 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 fsarchiver amd64 0.6.22-1 [87.1 kB]
Fetched 87.1 kB in 1s (47.8 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package fsarchiver.
(Reading database ... 193483 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../fsarchiver_0.6.22-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking fsarchiver (0.6.22-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up fsarchiver (0.6.22-1) ...
helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsarchiver probe simple
[======DISK======] [=============NAME==============] [====SIZE====] [MAJ] [MIN]
[sda ] [ST2000DM001-9YN1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 0]
[sdb ] [ST2000DM001-1ER1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 16]
[sdc ] [ST2000DM001-9YN1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 32]
[sdd ] [ST2000DM001-9YN1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 48]
[sde ] [DataTraveler G2 ] [ 7.46 GB] [ 8] [ 64]

[=====DEVICE=====] [==FILESYS==] [======LABEL======] [====SIZE====] [MAJ] [MIN]
[ram0 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 0]
[ram1 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 1]
[ram2 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 2]
[ram3 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 3]
[ram4 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 4]
[ram5 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 5]
[ram6 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 6]
[ram7 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 7]
[ram8 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 8]
[ram9 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 9]
[ram10 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 10]
[ram11 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 11]
[ram12 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 12]
[ram13 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 13]
[ram14 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 14]
[ram15 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 15]
[loop0 ] [squashfs ] [<unknown> ] [ 1.39 GB] [ 7] [ 0]
[sde4 ] [vfat ] [Ubuntu 16.0 ] [ 7.46 GB] [ 8] [ 68]
[dm-0 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 7.28 TB] [253] [ 0]
[dm-1 ] [ntfs ] [<unknown> ] [ 450.00 MB] [253] [ 1]
[dm-2 ] [vfat ] [<unknown> ] [ 99.00 MB] [253] [ 2]
[dm-3 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 16.00 MB] [253] [ 3]
[dm-4 ] [ntfs ] [<unknown> ] [ 6.79 TB] [253] [ 4]
[dm-5 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 27.94 GB] [253] [ 5]
[dm-6 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 1.86 GB] [253] [ 6]
[dm-7 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 325.96 GB] [253] [ 7]
[dm-8 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 29.80 GB] [253] [ 8]
[dm-9 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 18.63 GB] [253] [ 9]
[dm-10 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 9.31 GB] [253] [ 10]
[dm-11 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 32.60 GB] [253] [ 11]
[dm-12 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 23.28 GB] [253] [ 12]
[dm-13 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 12.01 GB] [253] [ 13]
[dm-14 ] [swap ] [<unknown> ] [ 18.60 GB] [253] [ 14]

[poloshiao]

3.debain分区方案我是独立分区 有：/ /boot /home /usr /var /tmp /usr/local /opt /srv swap,分别对应设备：/dev/dm-5 /dev/dm-6 /dev/dm-7 /dev/dm-8 /dev/dm-9
/dev/dm-10 /dev/dm-11 /dev/dm-12 /dev/dm-13 /dev/dm-14.

sudo fsarchiver probe simple
[ram5 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 5]
[ram6 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 6]
[dm-2 ] [vfat ] [<unknown> ] [ 99.00 MB] [253] [ 2]

1. sudo fsarchiver probe detailed | grep "dm-2"
把結果複製貼上來
2. 你掛載 / 的 /dev/dm-5
sudo mount /dev/dm-5 /mnt
3. 你掛載 /boot 的 /dev/dm-6
sudo mount /dev/dm-6 /mnt/boot
4. 你掛載 /boot/efi 的 /dev/dm-2
sudo mount -t vfat /dev/dm-2 /mnt/boot/efi
5. 把下面指令 複製 貼進終端機 執行
5-1. sudo cat /mnt/etc/fstab
5-2. sudo cat /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg
把結果複製貼上來

** (appstreamcli:5574): CRITICAL **: Error while moving old database out of the way.
AppStream cache update failed.

已確認為 Bug
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+sour ... ug/1601971
update fails, "AppStream cache update failed."

[helpmejssz]

helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsarchiver probe detailed | grep "dm-2"
[sudo] password for helpmejssz:
[======DISK======] [=============NAME==============] [====SIZE====] [MAJ] [MIN]
[sda ] [ST2000DM001-9YN1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 0]
[sdb ] [ST2000DM001-1ER1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 16]
[sdc ] [ST2000DM001-9YN1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 32]
[sdd ] [ST2000DM001-9YN1 ] [ 1.82 TB] [ 8] [ 48]
[sde ] [DataTraveler G2 ] [ 7.46 GB] [ 8] [ 64]

[=====DEVICE=====] [==FILESYS==] [======LABEL======] [====SIZE====] [MAJ] [MIN] [==============LONGNAME==============] [=================UUID=================]
[ram0 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 0] [/dev/ram0 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram1 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 1] [/dev/ram1 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram2 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 2] [/dev/ram2 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram3 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 3] [/dev/ram3 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram4 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 4] [/dev/ram4 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram5 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 5] [/dev/ram5 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram6 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 6] [/dev/ram6 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram7 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 7] [/dev/ram7 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram8 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 8] [/dev/ram8 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram9 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 9] [/dev/ram9 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram10 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 10] [/dev/ram10 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram11 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 11] [/dev/ram11 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram12 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 12] [/dev/ram12 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram13 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 13] [/dev/ram13 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram14 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 14] [/dev/ram14 ] [<unknown> ]
[ram15 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 64.00 MB] [ 1] [ 15] [/dev/ram15 ] [<unknown> ]
[loop0 ] [squashfs ] [<unknown> ] [ 1.39 GB] [ 7] [ 0] [/dev/loop0 ] [<unknown> ]
[sde4 ] [vfat ] [Ubuntu 16.0 ] [ 7.46 GB] [ 8] [ 68] [/dev/sde4 ] [B4FE-5315 ]
[dm-0 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 7.28 TB] [253] [ 0] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001 ] [<unknown> ]
[dm-1 ] [ntfs ] [<unknown> ] [ 450.00 MB] [253] [ 1] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p1] [92508187508172B1 ]
[dm-2 ] [vfat ] [<unknown> ] [ 99.00 MB] [253] [ 2] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p2] [C29E-0CF4 ]
[dm-3 ] [<unknown> ] [<unknown> ] [ 16.00 MB] [253] [ 3] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p3] [<unknown> ]
[dm-4 ] [ntfs ] [<unknown> ] [ 6.79 TB] [253] [ 4] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p4] [2420D13720D110A2 ]
[dm-5 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 27.94 GB] [253] [ 5] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p5] [b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5 ]
[dm-6 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 1.86 GB] [253] [ 6] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p6] [3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1 ]
[dm-7 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 325.96 GB] [253] [ 7] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p7] [7711cf79-6730-4131-a051-74972cecb378 ]
[dm-8 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 29.80 GB] [253] [ 8] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p8] [f73c81eb-c2e8-4bac-b469-36709a7fbb05 ]
[dm-9 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 18.63 GB] [253] [ 9] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p9] [55e7bb53-f41c-4431-9566-d0e780a39aa1 ]
[dm-10 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 9.31 GB] [253] [ 10] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p10] [fd3f0bca-d0dd-4522-ba82-6b305846ffff ]
[dm-11 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 32.60 GB] [253] [ 11] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p11] [3788cc1a-cc54-488d-81a8-a5c2e8072b1b ]
[dm-12 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 23.28 GB] [253] [ 12] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p12] [6cd8683f-66f5-4569-9f92-0b42b803872a ]
[dm-13 ] [ext3 ] [<unknown> ] [ 12.01 GB] [253] [ 13] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p13] [bfbb01f8-db7e-45c3-8e1a-35565891aa54 ]
[dm-14 ] [swap ] [<unknown> ] [ 18.60 GB] [253] [ 14] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p14] [5f0ccd5c-a053-44d7-a451-cde772122837 ]
helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$

[helpmejssz]

helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat /mnt/etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p5 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p6 /boot ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p2 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p7 /home ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p12 /opt ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p13 /srv ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p10 /tmp ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p8 /usr ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p11 /usr/local ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p9 /var ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p14 none swap sw 0 0

[helpmejssz]

helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg
cat: /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg: No such file or directory

[helpmejssz]

helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo ls /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debain
ls: cannot access '/mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debain': No such file or directory

[helpmejssz]

helpmejssz@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f73c81eb-c2e8-4bac-b469-36709a7fbb05
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f73c81eb-c2e8-4bac-b469-36709a7fbb05
fi
font="/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=30
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=5
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f73c81eb-c2e8-4bac-b469-36709a7fbb05
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f73c81eb-c2e8-4bac-b469-36709a7fbb05
fi
insmod png
if background_image /share/desktop-base/softwaves-theme/grub/grub-4x3.png; then
set color_normal=white/black
set color_highlight=black/white
else
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
}
set linux_gfx_mode=
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5' {
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.9.0-1-amd64 ...'
linux /vmlinuz-4.9.0-1-amd64 root=UUID=b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5 ro quiet
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-4.9.0-1-amd64
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5' {
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 4.9.0-1-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.9.0-1-amd64-advanced-b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5' {
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.9.0-1-amd64 ...'
linux /vmlinuz-4.9.0-1-amd64 root=UUID=b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5 ro quiet
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-4.9.0-1-amd64
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 4.9.0-1-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.9.0-1-amd64-recovery-b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5' {
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3e0fcff8-d402-4b26-87fb-34f7e22427d1
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.9.0-1-amd64 ...'
linux /vmlinuz-4.9.0-1-amd64 root=UUID=b19436fc-7105-41b6-8f65-1ee7fe0ad7f5 ro single
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-4.9.0-1-amd64
}
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

[poloshiao]

sudo fsarchiver probe detailed | grep "dm-2"
[dm-2 ] [vfat ] [<unknown> ] [ 99.00 MB] [253] [ 2] [/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p2] [C29E-0CF4 ]

sudo cat /mnt/etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/isw_bicighheaa_ZYL-001p2 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1

sudo cat /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg
cat: /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg: No such file or directory
sudo ls /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debain
ls: cannot access '/mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debain': No such file or directory

sudo efibootmgr -v
Boot0001* debian HD(2,GPT,f12c040c-85de-4034-8acb-db2c57fe661a,0xe1800,0x31800)/File(\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi)

昨晚已经chroot到目标盘完成了update-grub、grub-install的操作，非常成功，没有错误。但故障依旧。

1. 上述 update-grub、grub-install 的操作 並沒有成功在 esp (/dev/dm-2) 建立/更新 UEFI 開機所需的 \EFI\debian\grubx64.efi

2. 請提供你執行
update-grub、grub-install
前後的完整指令
2-1. 如果能夠提供參考網頁網址 更好

sudo efibootmgr -v
Boot0001* debian HD(2,GPT,f12c040c-85de-4034-8acb-db2c57fe661a,0xe1800,0x31800)/File(\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi)

3. 在
/dev/disk/by-uuid/*
/dev/disk/by-partuuid/*
找不到
f12c040c-85de-4034-8acb-db2c57fe661a

3. 你這一項 UEFI 中的開機選項

代码： 全选

Boot0001* debian HD(2,GPT,f12c040c-85de-4034-8acb-db2c57fe661a,0xe1800,0x31800)/File(\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi)

是何時建立的 ?

[helpmejssz]

sudo ls /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debain
提示cannot access
现在可以确认grub安装正确且发挥作用，显示菜单并进入加载内存盘阶段。

[poloshiao]

sudo ls /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debain
提示cannot access

1. 從 Ubuntu 試用桌面 下的指令 ？
1-1. 把下面指令 複製 貼進終端機 執行
1-1-1. df /mnt
1-1-2. df /mnt/boot/efi
1-1-3. sudo ls -al / | grep mnt
1-1-4. sudo ls -al /mnt | grep boot
1-1-5. sudo ls -al /mnt/boot | grep efi
1-1-6. sudo ls -al /mnt/boot/efi | grep EFI
1-1-7. sudo ls -al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI | grep debian
1-1-8. sudo ls -al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/debian | grep grubx64.efi
把結果全部直接 選取/複製/貼上來

现在可以确认grub安装正确且发挥作用，显示菜单并进入加载内存盘阶段。

2. 如果無法開機正確登入桌面
各種可能性都應該檢驗
2-1. 請提供你執行
update-grub、grub-install
前後的完整指令
2-2. 如果能夠提供參考網頁網址 更好

3. 再次強調一次
UEFI 跟 Legacy Bios 開機模式 需要分清楚 不要混淆
前面的討論 都是針對 UEFI 開機模式