win10系统安装双系统ubuntu16.04.3后，没有grub菜单，直接进win

[男菜鸟]

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda6 /mnt
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/etc/fstab
1 # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
2 #
3 # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
4 # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
5 # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
6 #
7 # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
8 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation
9 UUID=2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
10 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
11 UUID=5A7C-741D /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
12 # /home was on /dev/sda8 during installation
13 UUID=c5411d72-a667-4b33-b86f-a67ebca93d36 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
14 # swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
15 UUID=556c4203-adfb-4f82-b01a-f543eb4eb5f2 none swap sw 0 0
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep -i menuentry
22 if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
23 menuentry_id_option="--id"
25 menuentry_id_option=""
28 export menuentry_id_option
134 menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
151 submenu 'Ubuntu 高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
152 menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.10.0-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
171 menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-init-upstart-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
190 menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-recovery-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
220 menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-5A7C-741D' {
238 menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ls -Al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
total 3457
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Nov 22 22:26 fw
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64352 Nov 22 22:26 fwupx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 126 Nov 26 16:36 grub.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1133432 Nov 26 16:36 grubx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1168464 Nov 26 16:36 mmx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1169992 Nov 26 16:36 shimx64.efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
1 search.fs_uuid 2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 root hd0,gpt6
2 set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
3 configfile $prefix/grub.cfg

[poloshiao]

#22
sudo efibootmgr -v
Boot0000* Unknown Device: HD(1,GPT,,0x800,0x32000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)RC
Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager...
Boot0002* USB HDD: CBM Flash Disk PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(1,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x21,0x2de0dc,0x1240)RC
Boot0003* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,fd186b9c-c3dc-4d82-8531-cfc78aaa8d50,0x800,0x32000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)

#21
由此设置Secure boot” 改為 disabled成功！再次试验Live USB安装UBT,顺利安装！

#31
sudo ls -Al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1133432 Nov 26 16:36 grubx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1169992 Nov 26 16:36 shimx64.efi

1. 既然 你已把 Secure Boot 設為 Disbled 你的開機檔案 試試 使用 grubx64.efi
1-1. 參見
https://askubuntu.com/questions/342365/ ... nd-shimx64
What is the difference between grubx64 and shimx64?

2. 你需要新增一個 uefi 開機選項 看起來像這樣 (但是 partuuid 是否顯示出來 你試試)

代码： 全选

Boot0004* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,fd186b9c-c3dc-4d82-8531-cfc78aaa8d50,0x800,0x32000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi)

2-1. 讓你自己當習題 參閱下一篇 試試
http://forum.ubuntu.com.cn/viewtopic.ph ... 6#p3066196

代码： 全选

sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -l \\EFI||ubuntu\\grubX64.efi -L Ubuntu13.10

2-2. 參數意義 參考
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xen ... mgr.8.html
CREATING A NEW BOOT OPTION
2-3. 再使用 sudo efibootmgr -v 確認 有沒有 Boot0004* 是否如預期
2-4. 再把 0004 改為最優先開機選項
2-5. 重新開機

2-6. 你也可以詳閱你的主版使用說明書 有關 UEFI 部份 如何手動新增開機選項
這個部份 每台電腦 可能不同

sudo ls -Al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 126 Nov 26 16:36 grub.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1133432 Nov 26 16:36 grubx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1169992 Nov 26 16:36 shimx64.efi

sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
1 search.fs_uuid 2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 root hd0,gpt6
2 set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
3 configfile $prefix/grub.cfg

3. 補充 UEFI 開機
3-1. 啟動 \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi 後
會去啟動 /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
3-2. 啟動 /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg 後
引導向 /dev/sda6 的 /boot/grub/grub.cfg
然後 出現 grub 2 開機選單
3-3. grub 2 開機選單

代码： 全选

sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep -i menuentry
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
submenu 'Ubuntu 高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.10.0-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-init-upstart-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-recovery-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-5A7C-741D' {
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {

已包含了
Ubuntu Linux 核心版本 開機選項
及
Windows 開機選項

4. 將來有興趣 我們再來體驗 Secure Boot enabled 行不行
歡迎再貼文

[男菜鸟]

@poloshiao
抱歉！31楼的记录是错误的，因为此前为了试验，我曾经把“secure boot”改回到“enable”，所以31楼的记录不正确。

以下是“secure boot”在“disable”下，执行30楼命令的记录！
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda6 /mnt
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/etc/fstab
1 # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
2 #
3 # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
4 # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
5 # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
6 #
7 # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
8 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation
9 UUID=2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
10 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
11 UUID=5A7C-741D /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
12 # /home was on /dev/sda8 during installation
13 UUID=c5411d72-a667-4b33-b86f-a67ebca93d36 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
14 # swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
15 UUID=556c4203-adfb-4f82-b01a-f543eb4eb5f2 none swap sw 0 0
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep -i menuentry
22 if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
23 menuentry_id_option="--id"
25 menuentry_id_option=""
28 export menuentry_id_option
134 menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
151 submenu 'Ubuntu 高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
152 menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.10.0-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
171 menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-init-upstart-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
190 menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-recovery-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
220 menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-5A7C-741D' {
238 menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ls -Al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
ls: cannot access '/mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu': No such file or directory
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
cat: /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg: No such file or directory

[poloshiao]

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
sudo ls -Al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
ls: cannot access '/mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu': No such file or directory
sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
cat: /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg: No such file or directory

執行
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
以後
有沒有 掛載 /dev/sda1 ?
sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
分割區 需要掛載 才能存取

[男菜鸟]

executed #30's order again:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda6 /mnt
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/etc/fstab
1 # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
2 #
3 # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
4 # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
5 # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
6 #
7 # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
8 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation
9 UUID=2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
10 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
11 UUID=5A7C-741D /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
12 # /home was on /dev/sda8 during installation
13 UUID=c5411d72-a667-4b33-b86f-a67ebca93d36 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
14 # swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
15 UUID=556c4203-adfb-4f82-b01a-f543eb4eb5f2 none swap sw 0 0
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep -i menuentry
22 if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
23 menuentry_id_option="--id"
25 menuentry_id_option=""
28 export menuentry_id_option
134 menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
151 submenu 'Ubuntu 高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
152 menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.10.0-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-advanced-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
171 menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-init-upstart-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
190 menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-28-generic-recovery-2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46' {
220 menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-5A7C-741D' {
238 menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ls -Al /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
total 3457
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Nov 22 22:26 fw
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64352 Nov 22 22:26 fwupx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 126 Nov 26 16:36 grub.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1133432 Nov 26 16:36 grubx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1168464 Nov 26 16:36 mmx64.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1169992 Nov 26 16:36 shimx64.efi
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo cat -n /mnt/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
1 search.fs_uuid 2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 root hd0,gpt6
2 set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
3 configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

[poloshiao]

1. 跟 #32 沒什麼不同 ?
http://forum.ubuntu.com.cn/viewtopic.ph ... 7#p3199267

2. 檢查看看 新安裝 後的 uuid 及 partuuid 是否還相同
sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/*
sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-partuuid/*
然後 跟 #23 比對一下 有那一項不同 ?
2-1. 目的 要看看 你安裝時 勾選了 格式化 有沒有產生新的 uuid

[男菜鸟]

代码： 全选

sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/*
sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-partuuid/*

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/0A10809810808C7F -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/1979039BE266F3E8 -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/2017-08-01-11-51-33-00 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 -> ../../sda6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/398E-230F -> ../../sdb2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/556c4203-adfb-4f82-b01a-f543eb4eb5f2 -> ../../sda7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/5A7C-741D -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/c5411d72-a667-4b33-b86f-a67ebca93d36 -> ../../sda8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-uuid/FE1081811081421F -> ../../sda5
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-partuuid/*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/517568a0-dd4a-4148-8098-f72372ee523f -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/98fa6240-928e-4f15-8459-da99ba22eee9 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/b749a7bf-30bb-4726-8137-edc750df26ab -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/b8620ff2-f7b6-4042-a86a-27095084dd77 -> ../../sda6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/d7a244fd-13b4-4c1f-aa30-f75c88859320 -> ../../sda8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/e4f1d068-09c3-46e9-874c-4d7eed5e8768 -> ../../sda5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/fbf95d56-c417-4e3b-8e30-1792c4bca557 -> ../../sda7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/fd186b9c-c3dc-4d82-8531-cfc78aaa8d50 -> ../../sda1
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

there are not difference with #23

[poloshiao]

sudo ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/*
1 樓
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 23 07:37 /dev/disk/by-uuid/89fc508f-7c71-497c-94d6-79a93ec1bab3 -> ../../sda6
23 樓
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 26 13:43 /dev/disk/by-uuid/2c8c6f31-d96d-47fd-a780-9b50d6f3dc46 -> ../../sda6
37 樓
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 28 2017 /dev/disk/by-partuuid/b8620ff2-f7b6-4042-a86a-27095084dd77 -> ../../sda6

6 樓



1. 分割區的 uuid 產生於 格式化 時
表示 你在 1 樓 到 23 樓 之間 曾經 重新安裝 Ubuntu 所以 uuid 改變了

2. 在 UEFI 開機模式下 把 Ubuntu 跟 Windows 一起安裝成 多重開機 需要注意下述事情
2-1. 目前 最好是把 Secure Boot 設定為 disabled
2-1-1. CSM Boot (Compatibility Support Module) 設定為 disabled
2-2. 無論 Windows 或 Ubuntu 在關機時 一定要徹底關斷電源 不要關機後 還會耗用電源 例如
2-2-1. 快速啟動功能 一定要取消
2-2-2. 冬眠功能 一定要取消
2-2-3. 遠端遙控開機
...

3. 詳細檢查下述文章中的 Troubleshoot 看看有沒有幫助
3-1. https://askubuntu.com/questions/221835/ ... -with-uefi
使用 Troubleshoot 關鍵字 搜尋
3-1-1. 特別是這一段
TROUBLESHOOTING
YOUR COMPUTER BOOTS DIRECTLY TO WINDOWS
3-2. https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404 ... 8-81-uefi/
使用 disable 關鍵字 搜尋

4. 如果一直沒有解決 Ubuntu 提供一個程式套件 boot-repair 看看能否幫你
4-1. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI
使用 boot-repair 關鍵字 搜尋
這個程式 會把給你的建議 寫在網址 http://paste.ubuntu.com/XXXXXX/