五、
1、nvidia驱动安装(独显用户请进）
先在bios里把集显禁掉如果你是双显卡（不然发热严重！）
我的thinkpad T430 是开机狂按F1然后进入bios按方向键选择config—》Display->Graphics Device:Discrete Grap
OS Detection for NVIDIA Optimus：Disabled 按F10（Save and Exit）根据自己的bios视情况而定
在软件源右侧的附加驱动中选择313版本安装
（闭源驱动比较好当然你也可以选择.run的驱动
下面提供.run安装教程：
下载好后放在主目录下改名qd.run 然后把开源驱动加入黑名单中: 打开终端 sudo /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 在打开文件末尾新建一行加入：
blacklist nouveau保存并关闭 重启
进不了桌面？ 显示 run in low-graphics mode .....?
ctrl+alt+F1看有没有XX login即输入你的账户名称
没有？按几下回车就有了 然后password是输入密码 输完敲回车 继续输入sudo start lightdm 输便密码就进去了（当然其实进不去最好了输入密码敲回车后直接输入sudo sh qd.run 然后好像基本上都选yes除了开头那个好像是no反正你看着如果开头那个选yes就不能安了就选no 后面的反正都是yes ）对了英伟达公司的闭源驱动比开源驱动好 ATI的开源驱动比闭源的好）
（如果你安.run文件后）
安装完后重启后找到
NVIDIA X server Settings ->X Server Display Configuration->Save to X Configuration File ->Browse 最上方选择 / 然后在左边找到etc双击，找到X11双击，最下面输入xorg.conf点击保存
打开终端输入sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
找到Section "Device"在EndSection前添加：
Option "NoLogo"
Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
(注：开启亮度调节)
注意：
最左侧对齐（新加的命令和之前的左对齐）！不然会导致
用wine 模拟photoshop CS4时崩溃（一运行就注销）
Option "NoLogo" "True" 中true是多余的添加后好像也会导致崩溃
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
调整分辨率（不然关机很难看）
原文地址：http://idyllictux.wordpress.com/2010/04 ... ed-driver/
现简述解决过程：
1. 确认grub和plymouth的系统配置文件是原始状态，没有应用过其它的修改方案。
2. 安装v86d和hwinfo包，下面我们要用到：
代码:
sudo apt-get install v86d hwinfo
3. 查看自己显卡支持的分辨率：
代码:
sudo hwinfo --framebuffer
引用:
> hal.1: read hal dataprocess 2597: arguments to dbus_move_error() were incorrect, assertion "(dest) == NULL || !dbus_error_is_set ((dest))" failed in file ../../dbus/dbus-errors.c line 282.
This is normally a bug in some application using the D-Bus library.
libhal.c 3483 : Error unsubscribing to signals, error=The name org.freedesktop.Hal was not provided by any .service files
02: None 00.0: 11001 VESA Framebuffer
[Created at bios.464]
Unique ID: rdCR.gPBMypaP+07
Hardware Class: framebuffer
Model: "NVIDIA GeForce
"
Vendor: "NVIDIA Corporation"
Device: "NVIDIA GeForce
"
SubVendor: "NVIDIA"
SubDevice:
Revision: "Chip Rev"
Memory Size: 14 MB
Memory Range: 0xf1000000-0xf1dfffff (rw)
Mode 0x0300: 640x400 (+640), 8 bits
Mode 0x0301: 640x480 (+640), 8 bits
Mode 0x0303: 800x600 (+800), 8 bits
Mode 0x0305: 1024x768 (+1024), 8 bits
Mode 0x0307: 1280x1024 (+1280), 8 bits
Mode 0x030e: 320x200 (+640), 16 bits
Mode 0x030f: 320x200 (+1280), 24 bits
Mode 0x0311: 640x480 (+1280), 16 bits
Mode 0x0312: 640x480 (+2560), 24 bits
Mode 0x0314: 800x600 (+1600), 16 bits
Mode 0x0315: 800x600 (+3200), 24 bits
Mode 0x0317: 1024x768 (+2048), 16 bits
Mode 0x0318: 1024x768 (+4096), 24 bits
Mode 0x031a: 1280x1024 (+2560), 16 bits
Mode 0x031b: 1280x1024 (+5120), 24 bits
Mode 0x0330: 320x200 (+320), 8 bits
Mode 0x0331: 320x400 (+320), 8 bits
Mode 0x0332: 320x400 (+640), 16 bits
Mode 0x0333: 320x400 (+1280), 24 bits
Mode 0x0334: 320x240 (+320), 8 bits
Mode 0x0335: 320x240 (+640), 16 bits
Mode 0x0336: 320x240 (+1280), 24 bits
Mode 0x033d: 640x400 (+1280), 16 bits
Mode 0x033e: 640x400 (+2560), 24 bits
Mode 0x0345: 1600x1200 (+1600), 8 bits
Mode 0x0346: 1600x1200 (+3200), 16 bits
Mode 0x034a: 1600x1200 (+6400), 24 bits
Mode 0x034b: 1366x768 (+1368), 8 bits
Mode 0x034c: 1366x768 (+2736), 16 bits
Mode 0x034d: 1366x768 (+5472), 24 bits
Mode 0x0360: 1280x800 (+1280), 8 bits
Mode 0x0361: 1280x800 (+5120), 24 bits
Mode 0x0362: 768x480 (+768), 8 bits
Mode 0x0363: 848x480 (+3392), 24 bits
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
4. 修改/etc/default/grub文件，使用uvesafb的framebuffer来启动
代码:
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
把下面的两行
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_GFXMODE=640×480
修改为：
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1366×768-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrap"
GRUB_GFXMODE=1366×768
。
5. 修改/etc/initramfs-tools/modules文件，
代码:
sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
添加下面这行：
uvesafb mode_option=1366×768-24 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap
6. 运行下面的命令，启用framebuffer:
代码:
echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
7. 运行下面的命令，更新grub配置文件：
代码:
sudo update-grub2
sudo update-initramfs -u
8. 重启。大功告成！
注：(此步有双显卡用户会有关机分辨率正常开机出现条纹（花屏）的问题，勿看)
六、超简单为 Grub 2 启动引导菜单添加背景图
安装Ubuntu Linux时如果也安装了Grub 2 启动引导菜单的，默认的菜单是黑底白字很单调，可以为它加上一个背景图片。
步骤a、下载你喜欢的图片保存好，图片的尺寸大小不限，jpg格式或png格式都可以，也许其它的图片格式也行，
步骤b、按下快捷键 Alt F2 打开“运行一个命令”对话框，输入命令，把图片复制到Grub启动目录中，例如：
代码:
sudo cp /home/cc/图片/sea.jpeg /boot/grub/sea.jpeg
步骤c、最后更新Grub 2，按下快捷键 Alt F2 打开“运行一个命令”对话框，输入：
代码:
sudo update-grub
重新启动计算机，就能看到带背景图的Grub 2 启动引导菜单了
Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（UOS装机将会持续更新）
版面规则
我们都知道新人的确很菜，也喜欢抱怨，并且带有浓厚的Windows习惯，但既然在这里询问，我们就应该有责任帮助他们解决问题，而不是直接泼冷水、简单的否定或发表对解决问题没有任何帮助的帖子。乐于分享，以人为本，这正是Ubuntu的精神所在。
我们都知道新人的确很菜，也喜欢抱怨，并且带有浓厚的Windows习惯，但既然在这里询问，我们就应该有责任帮助他们解决问题，而不是直接泼冷水、简单的否定或发表对解决问题没有任何帮助的帖子。乐于分享，以人为本，这正是Ubuntu的精神所在。
-
243750496
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- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
sudo -i
xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter background-color ''
用gnome-tweak-tool
FAQforge
Set lightdm wallpaper that is independant of the user’s wallpaper (Ubuntu/Linux Mint)
CSch Categories: Basics, Linux & Unix, Ubuntu Tags: background, change, dconf-tools, lightdm, static, user, wallpaper
Using lightdm, the wallpaper that is shown is usually the one used by the selected user. If you want to change this or just set a static wallpaper for your login screen, there are a few possibilities to do that.
1. Method
The first one is to make your wallpaper inaccessible to others, letting lightdm fall back to its default wallpaper. For this method, dconf-tools must be installed. If it isn't installed on your system yet, install it with
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
With these tools you can easily configure lightdm - however you cannot do so in the GUI since you must be logged in as lightdm user. Do so by entering following into a terminal:
sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash
Now you can edit any of lightdm's settings with the command line - you can use the dconf GUI as reference for the paths and variable names (the dconf path to the lightdm unity greeter configuration is com>canonical>unity greeter). Set the background picture with
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter background '/usr/share/backgrounds/orsomewhereelse.png'
Replace the path I use with the one to the wallpaper of your choice - it must be closed in quotation marks. You can also change the background color to black (x000000) or some other neutral color.
What happens in the login screen now is that the dconf wallpaper blinks up for a second and is then replaced by your wallpaper. To counter that, you must make your wallpaper inaccessible to other users. To do that, log in to your account again and open a terminal. Change the ownership to you instead of root if you need to (wallpapers in /usr/share... usually don't belong to you for example). Replace my username (howtoforge)and my group (howtoforge) with yours:
sudo chown howtoforge:howtoforge /usr/share/backgrounds/orsomewhereelse.png
Now right-click the wallpaper and go to the Permissions tab in the Properties menu. Set the rights of Others to None. Lightdm won't be able to access your wallpaper any longer, so it falls back to the one you specified in dconf-tools.
2. Method
The other possibility is to run
id -u
to find out your user ID and afterwards run (replace [your id] with the ID the previous command spit out (without brackets) and the path I used with the one to the wallpaper you want lightdm to display):
dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.Accounts /org/freedesktop/Accounts/User[your id] org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.SetBackgroundFile string:/path/to/wallpaper.jpg
This command has to be repeated every time you change your wallpaper and only replaces the wallpaper for one user. You can decide whether you like this method or the previous more.
To remove white dots, run the following commands in a Terminal:
去除绘制点
sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid false;exit
禁用：
I don't think there is any need to revert anything. See "man xhost"
You could run this to remove lightdm from the access control list.
Code:
sudo -i
xhost -SI:localuser:lightdm
FYI these are the sequence of commands (tested in 16.04) to remove the greeter dots.
Code:
sudo -i
xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid 'false'
You can then type in "exit" and press Enter. Repeat.
or
just close the terminal.
xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter background-color ''
用gnome-tweak-tool
FAQforge
Set lightdm wallpaper that is independant of the user’s wallpaper (Ubuntu/Linux Mint)
CSch Categories: Basics, Linux & Unix, Ubuntu Tags: background, change, dconf-tools, lightdm, static, user, wallpaper
Using lightdm, the wallpaper that is shown is usually the one used by the selected user. If you want to change this or just set a static wallpaper for your login screen, there are a few possibilities to do that.
1. Method
The first one is to make your wallpaper inaccessible to others, letting lightdm fall back to its default wallpaper. For this method, dconf-tools must be installed. If it isn't installed on your system yet, install it with
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
With these tools you can easily configure lightdm - however you cannot do so in the GUI since you must be logged in as lightdm user. Do so by entering following into a terminal:
sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash
Now you can edit any of lightdm's settings with the command line - you can use the dconf GUI as reference for the paths and variable names (the dconf path to the lightdm unity greeter configuration is com>canonical>unity greeter). Set the background picture with
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter background '/usr/share/backgrounds/orsomewhereelse.png'
Replace the path I use with the one to the wallpaper of your choice - it must be closed in quotation marks. You can also change the background color to black (x000000) or some other neutral color.
What happens in the login screen now is that the dconf wallpaper blinks up for a second and is then replaced by your wallpaper. To counter that, you must make your wallpaper inaccessible to other users. To do that, log in to your account again and open a terminal. Change the ownership to you instead of root if you need to (wallpapers in /usr/share... usually don't belong to you for example). Replace my username (howtoforge)and my group (howtoforge) with yours:
sudo chown howtoforge:howtoforge /usr/share/backgrounds/orsomewhereelse.png
Now right-click the wallpaper and go to the Permissions tab in the Properties menu. Set the rights of Others to None. Lightdm won't be able to access your wallpaper any longer, so it falls back to the one you specified in dconf-tools.
2. Method
The other possibility is to run
id -u
to find out your user ID and afterwards run (replace [your id] with the ID the previous command spit out (without brackets) and the path I used with the one to the wallpaper you want lightdm to display):
dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.Accounts /org/freedesktop/Accounts/User[your id] org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.SetBackgroundFile string:/path/to/wallpaper.jpg
This command has to be repeated every time you change your wallpaper and only replaces the wallpaper for one user. You can decide whether you like this method or the previous more.
To remove white dots, run the following commands in a Terminal:
去除绘制点
sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid false;exit
禁用：
I don't think there is any need to revert anything. See "man xhost"
You could run this to remove lightdm from the access control list.
Code:
sudo -i
xhost -SI:localuser:lightdm
FYI these are the sequence of commands (tested in 16.04) to remove the greeter dots.
Code:
sudo -i
xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid 'false'
You can then type in "exit" and press Enter. Repeat.
or
just close the terminal.
上次由 243750496 在 2017-04-17 12:19，总共编辑 4 次。
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243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
answered Jan 5 '15
updated Jan 5 '15
Using gsettings, for example:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout 'minimize,maximize,close:'
That command will put Minimize, Maximize and Close buttons to the left. You can change the order and which buttons to use. (If you put : in front, buttons will be aligned to the right).
HTH,
Germán.
updated Jan 5 '15
Using gsettings, for example:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout 'minimize,maximize,close:'
That command will put Minimize, Maximize and Close buttons to the left. You can change the order and which buttons to use. (If you put : in front, buttons will be aligned to the right).
HTH,
Germán.
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
Mini-ITX机箱：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=35 ... 6125469371
配套的12cm风扇防尘网：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=18 ... d0ltsk9f9f
配套的120水冷：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=54 ... d0ltskbfe2
12cm风扇：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=53 ... d0ltsk7183
海盗船白金统治者内存风扇：
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltsk7183
海盗船水冷替换用风扇（非水冷原装风扇）3只一套
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltsk89f9
海盗船SP120(日食风扇3只套装)
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltsk13c6
注意换新服务也要买上（第一年换新+第二年只换不修）
京东海盗船HD120（选单只带控制器（主要是为了买控制器，这个买不到，如组合买3个装请上淘宝））
http://item.jd.com/11258698860.html
京东海盗船SP120（选单只带控制器（主要是为了买控制器，这个买不到，如组合买3个装请上淘宝））
http://item.jd.com/10907719837.html
注：控制器通用！
华硕千年光盘刻录机（千年光盘读取通用，但刻录需要刻录机支持，不是所有刻录机都能刻）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?spm=a ... abbucket=2
先锋蓝光刻录机：
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a2 ... t=2#detail
蓝牙功能的wacom数位板（通过蓝牙连接，避免电池过度充电（通过usb链接同时进行充电）导致电池寿命降低）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=54 ... d0ltsk0dd5
带实时显示的手绘屏（不带电池）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=52 ... d0ltsk9887
注：链接中的手绘板都支持linux
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hrAW8Aw
港行 原装正品 爱色丽 Colormunki photo 显示器校色仪 送原厂色卡
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltska841
后期我要做linux上的色彩管理，需要用到以上两个设备+红蜘蛛（displaycal为其校色软件是GUI的没难度，难的是使用Argyllcms用命令行校色，但是Argyllcms不支持spyder print所以才需要购买爱色丽的设备，如果需要用到请注意）
罗技太阳能键盘surface（Windows）专用版
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=522 ... d0ltskf912
surface使用的分线器（因为罗技太阳能键盘使用的是usb接收器不是蓝牙，所以唯一的端口被占用，另外还要接雷蛇鼠标和移动硬盘或u盘所以需要分线器，这个不需要单独供电）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=52 ... d0ltsk8c9d
配套的12cm风扇防尘网：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=18 ... d0ltsk9f9f
配套的120水冷：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=54 ... d0ltskbfe2
12cm风扇：https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=53 ... d0ltsk7183
海盗船白金统治者内存风扇：
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltsk7183
海盗船水冷替换用风扇（非水冷原装风扇）3只一套
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltsk89f9
海盗船SP120(日食风扇3只套装)
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltsk13c6
注意换新服务也要买上（第一年换新+第二年只换不修）
京东海盗船HD120（选单只带控制器（主要是为了买控制器，这个买不到，如组合买3个装请上淘宝））
http://item.jd.com/11258698860.html
京东海盗船SP120（选单只带控制器（主要是为了买控制器，这个买不到，如组合买3个装请上淘宝））
http://item.jd.com/10907719837.html
注：控制器通用！
华硕千年光盘刻录机（千年光盘读取通用，但刻录需要刻录机支持，不是所有刻录机都能刻）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?spm=a ... abbucket=2
先锋蓝光刻录机：
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a2 ... t=2#detail
蓝牙功能的wacom数位板（通过蓝牙连接，避免电池过度充电（通过usb链接同时进行充电）导致电池寿命降低）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=54 ... d0ltsk0dd5
带实时显示的手绘屏（不带电池）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=52 ... d0ltsk9887
注：链接中的手绘板都支持linux
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hrAW8Aw
港行 原装正品 爱色丽 Colormunki photo 显示器校色仪 送原厂色卡
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1 ... d0ltska841
后期我要做linux上的色彩管理，需要用到以上两个设备+红蜘蛛（displaycal为其校色软件是GUI的没难度，难的是使用Argyllcms用命令行校色，但是Argyllcms不支持spyder print所以才需要购买爱色丽的设备，如果需要用到请注意）
罗技太阳能键盘surface（Windows）专用版
https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=522 ... d0ltskf912
surface使用的分线器（因为罗技太阳能键盘使用的是usb接收器不是蓝牙，所以唯一的端口被占用，另外还要接雷蛇鼠标和移动硬盘或u盘所以需要分线器，这个不需要单独供电）
https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=52 ... d0ltsk8c9d
上次由 243750496 在 2020-07-10 21:56，总共编辑 13 次。
-
243750496
- 帖子： 1038
- 注册时间： 2012-06-09 15:40
Re: Ubuntu&Fedora装机&Mac装机（Mac装机将会持续更新）
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1b7eMIi
http://askubuntu.com/questions/9867/how ... nome-shell
If you're using Gnome Shell and you want the window buttons on the left, use this command:
dconf write /org/gnome/shell/overrides/button-layout "'close,minimize,maximize:'"
Then restart the shell if needed: press Alt+F2, type r and press Enter.
To set the icons you can use dconf-editor or:
gsettings set com.solus-project.budgie-wm button-layout 'close,minimize,maximize:appmenu'
For the gnome windows (like settings) it's:
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings overrides "{'Gtk/ShellShowsAppMenu': ,'Gtk/DecorationLayout': <'close,maximize,minimize:menu'>}"
close,maximize,minimize:menu would be
menu:minimize,maximize,close
if you want it the other way around. Then, if you did not have it:
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
Start it, set the themes under appearance and enjoy the eye candy
http://askubuntu.com/questions/9867/how ... nome-shell
If you're using Gnome Shell and you want the window buttons on the left, use this command:
dconf write /org/gnome/shell/overrides/button-layout "'close,minimize,maximize:'"
Then restart the shell if needed: press Alt+F2, type r and press Enter.
To set the icons you can use dconf-editor or:
gsettings set com.solus-project.budgie-wm button-layout 'close,minimize,maximize:appmenu'
For the gnome windows (like settings) it's:
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings overrides "{'Gtk/ShellShowsAppMenu': ,'Gtk/DecorationLayout': <'close,maximize,minimize:menu'>}"
close,maximize,minimize:menu would be
menu:minimize,maximize,close
if you want it the other way around. Then, if you did not have it:
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
Start it, set the themes under appearance and enjoy the eye candy