NVIDIA X配置文件路径 /etc/X11/xorg.conf
（配置文件路径有时候会是空白的 选择此路径即可）
编译源码安装并生成deb包：
auto-apt run ./configure
make
sudo checkinstall
curl https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/brave-apt/keys.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/brave-apt `lsb_release -sc` main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-`lsb_release -sc`.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential exfat-utils gir1.2-webkit-3.0 checkinstall auto-apt libglu1-mesa:i386 network-manager-openvpn-gnome network-manager-openvpn phablet-tools android-tools-adb btrfs-tools dmsetup e2fsprogs f2fs-tools dosfstools hfsutils hfsprogs jfsutils mdadm util-linux lvm2 ntfs-3g reiser4progs reiserfsprogs xfsprogs nfs-common nfs-kernel-server gparted seahorse testdisk rar unrar synaptic python3-pip flashplugin-installer brave
sudo apt-get remove chromium-browser
cd ~/Downloads
wget -O brave.deb https://laptop-updates.brave.com/latest/dev/ubuntu64
sudo dpkg -i brave.deb
sudo pip install --upgrade pip
sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
sudo pip remove python2
python setup.py install --record log
cat log | xargs rm －rf
python ./setup.py install --record install.txt
cat install.txt | xargs rm -rf
sudo pip install *.tar.gz
pip search *
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ffmulticonv/
sudo pip3 install ffmulticonverter-1.8.0.tar.gz
sudo mkdir /usr/lib/pepperflashplugin-nonfree/
sudo cp /usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/manifest.json /usr/lib/pepperflashplugin-nonfree/
sudo cp /usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/libpepflashplayer.so /usr/lib/pepperflashplugin-nonfree/
然后就可以再brave中启用flash插件了
文件浏览器显示PSD脚本：
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#!/bin/bash
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# -- Write psdthumbnailer
# -----------------------------------------------------------
OUTFILE=/usr/lib/psdthumbnailer
(
sudo cat <<'EOF'
# bin/bash
# Arguments / Parameters %i %o %s
f_in=$1
f_out=$2
f_size=$3
# Execute Convert PSD to PNG through ImageMagick
exec convert "psd:$f_in[0]" -scale "$f_sizex$f_size" "png:$f_out"
EOF
) > $OUTFILE
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# -- Write photoshop.thumbnailer
# -----------------------------------------------------------
OUTFILE=/usr/share/thumbnailers/photoshop.thumbnailer
(
sudo cat <<'EOF'
# bin/bash
[Thumbnailer Entry]
TryExec=/usr/lib/psdthumbnailer
Exec=/usr/lib/psdthumbnailer %i %o %s
MimeType=image/vnd.adobe.photoshop; image/x-photoshop; image/x-psd;
EOF
) > $OUTFILE
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# -- Set File Permissions
# -----------------------------------------------------------
sudo chmod 0755 /usr/lib/psdthumbnailer
sudo chmod 0644 /usr/share/thumbnailers/photoshop.thumbnailer
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# -- Add GConf Hooks to parse thumbnails
# -----------------------------------------------------------
sudo gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/thumbnailers/image@vnd.adobe.photoshop/enable --type bool true
sudo gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/thumbnailers/image@vnd.adobe.photoshop/command --type string "/usr/lib/psdthumbnailer %i %o %s %i %o %s"
# -----------------------------------------------------------
# -- Install Dependencies
# -----------------------------------------------------------
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
显示XCF命令：
To get XCF thumbnails in Nautilus, firstly install gnome-xcf-thumbnailer. In Ubuntu, use the following command:
sudo apt-get install gnome-xcf-thumbnailer
At this point the the thumbnails don't work yet because GNOME XCF Thumbnailer doesn't install a .thumbnailer file, required by Nautilus 3.x. To fix this, use the following commands:
sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/thumbnailers/
echo -e "[Thumbnailer Entry]\nTryExec=gnome-xcf-thumbnailer\nExec=gnome-xcf-thumbnailer %i %o\nMimeType=image/x-xcf;image/x-compressed-xcf;" | sudo tee /usr/share/thumbnailers/gnome-xcf.thumbnailer
New XCF files (or if you move some already existing XCF files) should have thumbnails now but existing ones may not get thumbnails yet. Let's fix this too by removing the failed thumbnails from cache:
rm -r ~/.thumbnails/fail
rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail
That's it. Nautilus should now display XCF file thumbnails, as you can see in my screenshot above. I've tested this with Nautilus
3.4
, 3.6 and 3.8.
窗口最大化最小化关闭按钮左置
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
answered Jan 5 '15
updated Jan 5 '15
Using gsettings, for example:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout 'minimize,maximize,close:'
That command will put Minimize, Maximize and Close buttons to the left. You can change the order and which buttons to use. (If you put : in front, buttons will be aligned to the right).
HTH,
Germán.
用户与群组
sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools
为ryzen处理器和Nvidia.run驱动打补丁
补丁链接（适用于375.39和318.13）：
cd ～/Downloads
sh *.run --extract-only
cd N*39/13（注：375.39/378.13）
wget https://pkgs.rpmfusion.org/cgit/nonfree ... 4.10.patch
或者
patch -p1 <<< $(curl https://pkgs.rpmfusion.org/cgit/nonfree ... 4.10.patch)（注：curl）
patch -p1 < ./kernel*.patch（注：wget）
sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo reboot
切换到tty1
sudo service lightdm stop（一定要有service！）
cd ～/Downloads/N*39/13（注：375.39/378.13）
sudo ./nvidia-installer
英伟达官方.run驱动安装
maybe it is too late ,but hope can help for others. the follow tips worked for ubuntu 16.04 and elementary os 0.4.
remove all nvidia packages ,skip this if your system is fresh installed
sudo apt-get remove nvidia* && sudo apt autoremove
install some packages for build kernel:
sudo apt-get install dkms build-essential linux-headers-generic
now block and disable nouveau kernel driver:
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
Insert follow lines to the blacklist.conf:
blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm-nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off
save and exit.
Disable the Kernel nouveau by typing the following commands(nouveau-kms.conf may not exist,it is ok):
echo options nouveau modeset=0 | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-kms.conf
build the new kernel by:
sudo update-initramfs -u
reboot
As the error states, you are still running an X server. This error occurs when you try to install the Nvidia .run files while logged in.
Make sure you are logged out.
Hit CTRL+ALT+F1 and login using your credentials.
kill your current X server session by typing sudo service lightdm stop or sudo lightdm stop
Enter runlevel 3 by typing sudo init 3 and install your *.run file.
You might be required to reboot when the installation finishes. If not, run sudo service lightdm start or sudo start lightdm to start your X server again.
sudo sh /usr/bin/nvidia-bug-report.sh
sudo nvidia-xconfig -sli=on -multigpu=on
apt-cache policy gparted
sudo snap install --edge --devmode gallery-app
[功能]
ubuntu下面的软件包管理工具。
[举例]
目前常用的
==========
*更新本机中的数据库缓存：
sudo apt-get update
*查找包含部分关键字的软件包：
sudo apt-cache search <你要查找的name>
*安装指定的软件：
sudo apt-get install <你要安装的软件包>
*下载软件包源代码（如果有的话）:
apt-get source <你要下载的源代码包名>
详细的资料
=========
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-h ... ng.en.html
apt-get:
安装和卸载------
*更新本机中的数据库缓存：
sudo apt-get update
最好定期更新一下使你自己机器上面的数据和服务器(/etc/apt/sources.list列出)上面的信息保持一致,在安装软件之前可以运行一下这个命令保证成功性。
*安装软件：
#apt-get install packagename
这里将安装你需要的在sources.lists中的最新的软件包，如果有其他依赖则自动安装相应的依赖软件包。packagename可以是多个软件包。
一些有用的选项：
-h This help text.
-d Download only - do NOT install or unpack archives
-f Attempt to continue if the integrity check fails
-s No-act. Perform ordering simulation
-y Assume Yes to all queries and do not prompt
-u Show a list of upgraded packages as well
*卸载软件(用install)：
#apt-get install packagename-
在需要卸载的包后面加上一个'-'（我没有实验过）,当然可以apt-get install p1 p2-这样多个命令合并了,装p1卸p2。
*卸载软件2：
#apt-get remove packagename
这会卸载相应的软件，同时也会卸载依赖的部分，没办法指定不卸载依赖的。但是软件的配置文件还是会留在系统中。
*完全卸载软件包括删除配置：
#apt-get --purge remove packagename
这样配置文件也会被删除。
*安装软件2（用remove）:
#apt-get remove packagename+
这个和用install来卸载软件的意义类似，在包名称后面添加一个+，表示安装。
*修复或者只安装最新版本：
#apt-get --reinstall install packagename
这里，如果你的软件包被破坏了，或者你想要安装一个最新的软件，运行这个。
升级软件包------
*升级软件包1：
#apt-get -u upgrade
这里加上-u选项列出将要升级的软件，可能会提示有些软件不会升级，因为可能会破坏依赖关系，更好的方法是利用apt-get dist-upgrade
你可以通过cd或者添加源地址来更新，如果你想从cd来升级，首先运行apt-cdrom把cd中的软件添加到/etc/apt/sources源中，然后运行apt-get dist-upgrade来升级，但是因为apt-get总是使用最新版本，如果cd中的不是最新的版本，那么也不会用到cd。
*升级软件包2：
#apt-get -u dist-upgrade
这样安装的软件前面apt-get -u upgrade安不了的也会安装了，但个别的仍然不能安装，例如：升级会导致需要卸载一些包，卸载这些包会导致另外的软件不能用，所以就不升级了。
*升级软件包3：
#apt-get -u install packagename
假设前面升级的时候packagename无法升级，那么这个命令会升级packagename如果需要卸载默写模块而卸载这些模块导致一些软件无法使用，那么干脆把这些软件都卸载了，然后升级，这个命令会导致packagename最终升级了。
清理没用的包文件------
用apt-get 安装软件包的时候，apt会从/etc/apt/sources.list里面将相应的软件包恢复出来，把它们存放在一个本地的文档库中（/var/cache/apt/archives/）然后才开始安装，随着时间的增长，这将不断地消耗硬盘的空间。
*清理所有的缓存文件：
#apt-get clean
这会清理所/var/cache/apt/archives/ 和 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/中没有被锁定的文件。当然你再次安装软件的时候，这个软件又被恢复到本地文档库中了。
*仅仅清理旧的缓存文件：
#apt-get autoclean
这会清理旧版本的/var/cache/apt/archives/ 和 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/中的文件。旧版本是指已经有更新的版本的软件了，再下载的话应下载最新的而不是这个旧版本的了。根据apt-show-versions -p可以知道哪些是旧的。
*安装指定版本的软件包:
# apt-get install package=version
查找信息--------
*查找一个含有packagename字符串的包:
#apt-cache search packagename
这样将输出所包含packagename字符串的包。
*显示软件包的详细信息：
# apt-cache show stella
这包含了软件包许多的信息，例如如果你已经安装了这个软件包，信息里面也会显示。
*显示软件包的大致信息：
apt-cache showpkg packagename
这会显示大致的信息。
*查看那些包可以升级的信息：
$ apt-show-versions -u
这个apt-show-versions工具需要安装一下的。
*查看当前特定软件版本：
apt-show-versions -p packagename
*检查packagename依赖的包：
#apt-cache depends packagename
工作相关--------
*安装编译源代码需要的库(包)：
# apt-get build-dep packagename
所的源代码包一个'Build-Depends'域，指明了从源代码编译这个包需要安装的软件。上面的命令可以下载这些包，其中'packagename'是包名。
*查看编译一个包需要哪些其他的库（包）：
#apt-cache show packagename
如果你只是想要检查编译一个包需要哪些其他的包，那么可以利用上面的命令,其中'packagename'是包名。
*下载包packagename的源代码：
$ apt-get source packagename
这将在当前目录下载个文件：*.orig.tar.gz,*.dsc,*.diff.gz。如果这个包是debian的，那么最后一个文件没有，并且第一个文件名里面不包括"orig"字符串。
.dsc文件被dpkg-source使用，把源代码包解压到目录 packagename-version.每一个下载的源代码包里面都有一个debian/目录，这个目录包含了用于创建.deb包的文件。
*下载的时候自动把源代码包编译：
$ apt-get -b source packagename
可能是编译成.deb包，我没有试过。
*根据下载的源代码创建deb包:
$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b
如果你决定在下载的时候不创建deb包，你可以以后通过在下载的包之后创建的目录里面运行这个命令来创建。
*直接利用包管理器安装包：
# dpkg -i file.deb
需要直接使用包管理器，运行这个命令来安装包。
-------dpkg查找
*已知软件包中有一个文件，根据文件查找软件包：
# dpkg -S stdio.h
输入之后，输出如下：
libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h
perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h
这在知道包中某些文件的时候，来根据文件查找软件包这种情况下非常用。
*查找安装在你的机器上面的软件包：
dpkg -l
*自动安装缺失的软件:
# auto-apt run command
这里，command是你要运行的命令。例如 auto-apt run ./configure .当缺失依赖软件的时候，它会询问你安装，方便了编译。安装之后会继续运行。auto-apt需要保持一个最新的数据库，利用这个命令进行更新：auto-apt update, auto-apt updatedb and auto-apt update-local。
--------apt-get查找
*利用apt-file根据文件名查找相应的软件包：
$ apt-file search filename
如果你只知道程序名字filename，那么你可以运行这个命令，它的工作方式和 dpkg -S差不多，就是根据某个软件包里可能包含的文件来查找这个软件包的名字。另外，它也会显示包含这个文件的没有安装的软件包。当你编译的时候，提示缺了什么头文件的时候，利用这个很方便地确定需要装哪些软件包（当然利用audo-apt更方便）.
*列出一个软件包中包含的文件：
$apt-file list packagename
这里，apt-file是根据一个数据库来读取信息的，所以需要保持数据库是最新的。
*更新apt-file的数据库：
# apt-file update
默认情况下，apt-file的数据库和auto-apt是一样的。
必装软件
sudo apt-get install ardour audacity bleachbit blender brasero cecilia converseen deluge fcitx firefox freecad gimp goldendict guvcview guitarix hydrogen kazam krita librecad lives lmms meterbridge mixxx musescore openshot scribus virtualbox pitivi playonlinux rawtherapee rednotebook rosegarden soundconverter truecrypt uget tuxguitar vlc gnome-tweak-tool dconf-editor
需要手动安装
nutstore nod32 sougoupinyin crossover displaycal ffmulticonverter Goldendict词典文件 ue4 qt steam wicreset wiznote gitter
使用dconf Editor更改最大化、最小化、关闭和菜单按钮的位置
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xsettings/overrides:
{'Gtk/ShellShowsAppMenu': <0>, 'Gtk/DecorationLayout': <'minimize,close,maximize:menu'>}
/org/gnome/desktop/wm/preferences/button-layout:
minimize,close,maximize:
/com/solus-project/budgie-wm/button-layout:
minimize,close,maximize:menu
minimize,close,maximize:appmenu
UE4 Depends
sudo apt-get install build-essential mono-mcs mono-devel mono-xbuild mono-dmcs mono-reference-assemblies-4.0 libmono-system-data-datasetextensions4.0-cil libmono-system-web-extensions4.0-cil libmono-system-management4.0-cil libmono-system-xml-linq4.0-cil cmake dos2unix clang-4.0 libfreetype6-dev libgtk-3-dev libmono-microsoft-build-tasks-v4.0-4.0-cil xdg-user-dirs
Vyprvpn设置教程
Setup the PPTP connection
Expand the connection menu by clicking the up/down arrow icon in the system taskbar. Then, click on Edit Connections to open the Network Connections control panel.
Click the Add button to add a new VPN configuration.
When prompted to choose a connection type, choose Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) and click the Create button.
In the Connection name: textbox, enter "VyprVPN (PPTP)"
In the Gateway field enter one of the following server hostnames. View the list of server addresses here.
In the User name: textbox, enter your login.
In the Password: textbox, enter your password.
Click the Advanced button to bring up an additional settings dialog.
Check the Use Point-to-Point encryption (MPPE) box.
Click the OK button
Click the Save button (you may be prompted to enter your password to store the configuration securely)
Restart Network Manager (The best way we have found to restart Network Manager is to open a terminal and type "sudo restart network-manager". This will disconnect all of your network connections)
Establish a secure connection
In the system taskbar, click on the up/down arrow icon to bring up the connection menu.
Mouse over VPN Connections and select VyprVPN (PPTP).
After a few seconds, you will receive a pop-up notification that the connection has been established.
You can check your IP here:https://www.goldenfrog.com/whatismyipaddress
VyprVPN Free accounts are limited to using our Desktop and Mobile applications to connect to our VPN service. Please see "What is VyprVPN Free?" for more information.
Follow the steps below to configure OpenVPN on your Ubuntu machine. This tutorial was created using Ubuntu 16.04.1.
1. Open Terminal, which you can find by using the Ubuntu search feature.
2. Type the following command string and press Enter:
sudo apt-get install -y network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome
This will install the necessary OpenVPN packages on the machine and add OpenVPN as an option in the desktop VPN configuration menu.
3. Restart network-manager by typing the following command and pressing Enter:
sudo service network-manager restart
4. Download the Golden Frog CA certificate and place it in the OpenVPN folder on your machine by typing the following command and pressing Enter. Ignore line breaks. This is one single command.
sudo wget https://support.goldenfrog.com/hc/artic ... pn.com.crt /etc/openvpn
5. Configure the OpenVPN connection by opening Network Connections. You can locate this by using the Ubuntu search feature.
6. Click Add.
7. Under VPN in the drop-down, choose OpenVPN and click Create.
8. Edit the information in the configuration screen as follows:
Connection name: VyprVPN
Gateway: Enter a server address. View a list of server addresses here.
Type: Select Password
Username: Your Golden Frog account email address
Password: Your Golden Frog account password
CA Certificate: Browse to /etc/openvpn and select ca.vyprvpn.com.crt
9. Click Advanced.
10. Check the option for Use LZO data compression and click OK.
11. Click Save.
How to Connect and Disconnect:
1. Click the Network Connections icon at the top of your desktop in right area of the menu bar. It will generally look like two arrows opposite each other or a WiFi signal.
2. Scroll down to VPN Connections.
3. Click VyprVPN and wait for the connection to establish.
4. You will see a pop-up once connected. Additionally, a lock icon will appear by your network icon in the top menu bar.
5. To disconnect any any time, navigate back to the Network Connections drop-down in the top menu bar, click VPN Connections, and then click Disconnect VPN.
6. Enjoy VyprVPN on your Ubuntu machine!
添加nvidia驱动ppa：
代码： 全选
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update9.3. Run levels
A run level is a state of init and the whole system that defines what system services are operating. Run levels are identified by numbers. Some system administrators use run levels to define which subsystems are working, e.g., whether X is running, whether the network is operational, and so on. Others have all subsystems always running or start and stop them individually, without changing run levels, since run levels are too coarse for controlling their systems. You need to decide for yourself, but it might be easiest to follow the way your Linux distribution does things.
The following table defines how most Linux Distributions define the different run levels. However, run-levels 2 through 5 can be modified to suit your own tastes.
Table 9-1. Run level numbers
0 Halt the system.
1 Single-user mode (for special administration).
2 Local Multiuser with Networking but without network service (like NFS)
3 Full Multiuser with Networking
4 Not Used
5 Full Multiuser with Networking and X Windows(GUI)
6 Reboot.
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom (必须是3.4才有PTH660 K1F驱动)
然后打开蓝牙选择BTIntousPro M
注：LEIntousPro M不需要连连上了会立马断掉
wacom cintiq如果使用的话是不可以连接显示器的（显示器和wacom新帝冲突），但是不需要高版本驱动
软件的ppa Ubuntu 17.04已经正式发布但是有些ppa 仍然不能用但是先发上来省的去爬楼了（需要的话）
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-webkit-3.0 for Anoise bug
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/anoise
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wiznote-team
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deluge-team
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dhor/myway (rawtherapee)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp-edge
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freecad-maintainers/freecad-daily,(sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:librecad-dev/librecad-daily,(sudo add-apt-repository ppa:librecad-dev/librecad-stable)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thomas-schiex/blender
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dimula73/krita
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:scribus/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/apps，（curlew）
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/apps，（converseen）
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:plushuang-tw/uget-devel，（uget）
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-daily/ppa，（firefox）
全新安装应该安装的软件（命令）
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool vlc wiznote smplayer anoise* soundconverter deluge indicator-china-weather synaptic gnome-color-manager kazam lives scribus-trunk rar unrar ark playonlinux brasero blender krita3-testing gimp gimp-gmic rawtherapee-unstable freecad-daily librecad libreoffice curlew bleachbit gimp-ufraw ufraw-batch converseen goldendict uget firefox gnome-raw-thumbnailer
通过添加ppa升级应用：
卸载：freecad 安装 freecad-daily
安装：gimp-ufraw ufraw-batch
卸载：scribus 安装 scribus-trunk
gimp相关插件安装：
sudo apt-get install gimp-lensfun gimp-plugin-registry gimp-texturize icc-profiles gimp-ufraw ufraw-batc