billbear老大请移步过来看看~~要怎么修改grub2来直接引导squashfs镜像啊？

[grahamgan]

LS的童鞋请勿奸笑……

[billbear]

你用的 ext4 吧？ bt4 基于 ubuntu 8.10，无法识别 ext4。你不能把 casper 放在 ext4 分区里。

[grahamgan]

你用的 ext4 吧？ bt4 基于 ubuntu 8.10，无法识别 ext4。你不能把 casper 放在 ext4 分区里。

原来是这样，真是纠结啊……
那把ISO文件放在windows的分区能不能引导呢？是ISO文件，不是squashfs镜像。

[billbear]

按理说既然基于 Ubuntu，应该可以加 iso-scan/filename=/path/to/your.iso 来引导 iso 文件的，不过 bt4 似乎不支持这个内核参数。引导 iso 的内核参数因发行版而异，有用 isofrom 的，有用 findiso 什么的，不过 bt4 应该不会变态到修改这个参数，应该是引导 iso 文件的功能在定制后被拿掉或遗漏了。
你就把 casper 弄出来呗，空间真的那么紧张？

[billbear]

我做了一个 bt4-r2 的 initrd.img，加入了 iso-scan/filename，你用这个代替 initrd.gz 引导，就可以直接引导 ntfs 分区上的 bt4-r2.iso 了：

root (hdx,y)
kernel /path/to/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/path/to/bt4-r2.iso ro
initrd /path/to/initrd.img-2.6.35.8

当然 vmlinuz 还是要从 iso 里剥出来的，和 iso，initrd.img-2.6.35.8 一起，放在非ext4分区 (hdx,y) 里面

[billbear]

附件传不上去，网速太慢了，我放弃了。你自己做吧：
首先你要暂时把 casper 剥出来，并引导到 bt4。
然后插上网线，再把网卡起来：
ifconfig eth0 up
获取地址，如果你可以用 dhcp 得到地址的话：
dhclient
安装 lupin-casper:
apt-get install lupin-casper
生成新的 initrd：
/rofs/usr/sbin/update-initramfs -u
新的 initrd 在 /boot 里，initrd.img-2.xxxxx
这东西现在实际上在内存里，你要挂载某个分区，把它 cp 进去：
mount /dev/sdax /mnt
cp /boot/initrd.img-2.xxxxx /mnt
完工，删除前面剥出来的 casper，用你保存的 initrd.img-2.xxxxx 和楼上的方法引导 iso。

[grahamgan]

我现在是把casper和引导文件移到了windows的分区去了，已经能成功引导进去。但是又有个问题来了，引导成功启动进去之后好像什么硬件都没认出来，分辨率不对、网卡看不到……

[billbear]

分辨率如何不对？你需要 X 吗？
沙漠网卡？

lshw > hw.txt
ifconfig -a > ifs.txt

贴 hw.txt 和 ifs.txt

[grahamgan]

硬件配置：

代码： 全选

bt
    description: Notebook
    product: IdeaPad Y450
    vendor: LENOVO
    version: Rev 1.0
    serial: KL109433E63BNNN
    width: 32 bits
    capabilities: smbios-2.5 dmi-2.5 smp-1.4 smp
    configuration: boot=oem-specific chassis=notebook cpus=2 uuid=B899678E-301E-DA87-FF70-00269E6F1B5B
  *-core
       description: Motherboard
       product: KL1
       vendor: LENOVO
       physical id: 2
       version: Rev 1.0
       serial: EB15742762
     *-firmware
          description: BIOS
          vendor: LENOVO
          physical id: 0
          version: 17CN44WW (07/20/2010)
          size: 111KiB
          capacity: 1984KiB
          capabilities: isa pci pcmcia pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb smartbattery biosbootspecification netboot
     *-cpu:0
          description: CPU
          product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     T6600  @ 2.20GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          physical id: 4
          bus info: cpu@0
          version: 6.7.10
          serial: 0001-067A-0000-0000-0000-0000
          slot: U2E1
          size: 1200MHz
          capacity: 2200MHz
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 800MHz
          capabilities: boot fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm cpufreq
          configuration: id=1
        *-cache:0
             description: L1 cache
             physical id: 5
             slot: L1 Cache
             size: 64KiB
             capacity: 64KiB
             capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back
        *-cache:1
             description: L2 cache
             physical id: 6
             slot: L2 Cache
             size: 2MiB
             capacity: 2MiB
             capabilities: burst internal write-back
        *-logicalcpu:0
             description: Logical CPU
             physical id: 1.1
             width: 64 bits
             capabilities: logical
        *-logicalcpu:1
             description: Logical CPU
             physical id: 1.2
             width: 64 bits
             capabilities: logical
     *-memory
          description: System Memory
          physical id: e
          slot: System board or motherboard
          size: 4GiB
        *-bank:0
             description: DIMM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
             physical id: 0
             serial: 00000000
             slot: DIMM 1
             size: 2GiB
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
        *-bank:1
             description: DIMM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
             physical id: 1
             serial: 00000000
             slot: DIMM 2
             size: 2GiB
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
     *-cpu:1
          physical id: 1
          bus info: cpu@1
          version: 6.7.10
          serial: 0001-067A-0000-0000-0000-0000
          size: 2200MHz
          capacity: 2200MHz
          capabilities: ht cpufreq
          configuration: id=1
        *-logicalcpu:0
             description: Logical CPU
             physical id: 1.1
             capabilities: logical
        *-logicalcpu:1
             description: Logical CPU
             physical id: 1.2
             capabilities: logical
     *-pci
          description: Host bridge
          product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub
          vendor: Intel Corporation
          physical id: 100
          bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
          version: 07
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
        *-pci:0
             description: PCI bridge
             product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset PCI Express Graphics Port
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1
             bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0
             version: 07
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
           *-display UNCLAIMED
                description: VGA compatible controller
                product: GT216 [GeForce GT 240M]
                vendor: nVidia Corporation
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
                version: a2
                width: 64 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
                configuration: latency=0
           *-multimedia
                description: Audio device
                product: High Definition Audio Controller
                vendor: nVidia Corporation
                physical id: 0.1
                bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1
                version: a1
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
                configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 module=snd_hda_intel
        *-usb:0
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1a
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
        *-usb:1
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1a.1
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.1
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
        *-usb:2
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1a.2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.2
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
        *-usb:3
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1a.7
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.7
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm debug bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 module=ehci_hcd
        *-multimedia
             description: Audio device
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1b
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
             version: 03
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 module=snd_hda_intel
        *-pci:1
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
        *-pci:2
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.1
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
        *-pci:3
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
        *-pci:4
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 4
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.3
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
           *-network
                description: Wireless interface
                product: PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection
                vendor: Intel Corporation
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:06:00.0
                logical name: wlan0
                version: 00
                serial: 00:1e:65:da:d7:74
                width: 64 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
                configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlagn driverversion=2.6.34 firmware=8.24.2.12 latency=0 link=no module=iwlagn multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn
        *-pci:5
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.4
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.4
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
           *-firewire
                description: FireWire (IEEE 1394)
                product: IEEE 1394 Host Controller
                vendor: JMicron Technology Corp.
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0
                version: 00
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list
                configuration: driver=ohci1394 latency=0 module=ohci1394
           *-system:0
                description: System peripheral
                product: SD/MMC Host Controller
                vendor: JMicron Technology Corp.
                physical id: 0.1
                bus info: pci@0000:07:00.1
                version: 00
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list
                configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=0 module=sdhci_pci
           *-system:1 UNCLAIMED
                description: SD Host controller
                product: Standard SD Host Controller
                vendor: JMicron Technology Corp.
                physical id: 0.2
                bus info: pci@0000:07:00.2
                version: 00
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm pciexpress msi cap_list
                configuration: latency=0
           *-system:2 UNCLAIMED
                description: System peripheral
                product: MS Host Controller
                vendor: JMicron Technology Corp.
                physical id: 0.3
                bus info: pci@0000:07:00.3
                version: 00
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list
                configuration: latency=0
           *-system:3 UNCLAIMED
                description: System peripheral
                product: xD Host Controller
                vendor: JMicron Technology Corp.
                physical id: 0.4
                bus info: pci@0000:07:00.4
                version: 00
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list
                configuration: latency=0
        *-pci:6
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.5
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.5
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
           *-network
                description: Ethernet interface
                product: NetLink BCM5784M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe
                vendor: Broadcom Corporation
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0
                logical name: eth0
                version: 10
                serial: 00:26:9e:6f:1b:5b
                size: 100MB/s
                capacity: 1GB/s
                width: 64 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
                configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.108 duplex=full firmware=sb v2.19 ip=192.168.1.107 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100MB/s
        *-usb:4
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1d
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
        *-usb:5
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1d.1
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
        *-usb:6
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1d.2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
        *-usb:7
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1d.7
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm debug bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 module=ehci_hcd
        *-pci:7
             description: PCI bridge
             product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1e
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0
             version: 93
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci bus_master cap_list
        *-isa
             description: ISA bridge
             product: ICH9M LPC Interface Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
             configuration: latency=0
        *-storage
             description: SATA controller
             product: ICH9M/M-E SATA AHCI Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f.2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
             logical name: scsi2
             logical name: scsi3
             version: 03
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 66MHz
             capabilities: storage msi pm bus_master cap_list emulated
             configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 module=ahci
           *-disk
                description: ATA Disk
                product: WDC WD3200BEVT-2
                vendor: Western Digital
                physical id: 0
                bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
                logical name: /dev/sda
                version: 11.0
                serial: WD-WXE0E99VT113
                size: 298GiB (320GB)
                capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
                configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=78ef78ef
              *-volume:0
                   description: Windows NTFS volume
                   physical id: 1
                   bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1
                   logical name: /dev/sda1
                   version: 3.1
                   serial: cc4d97b0-3151-e049-af1d-06a309013173
                   size: 30GiB
                   capacity: 30GiB
                   capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized
                   configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2009-12-01 04:08:14 filesystem=ntfs state=clean
              *-volume:1
                   description: Extended partition
                   physical id: 2
                   bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,2
                   logical name: /dev/sda2
                   size: 268GiB
                   capacity: 268GiB
                   capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
                 *-logicalvolume:0
                      description: HPFS/NTFS partition
                      physical id: 5
                      logical name: /dev/sda5
                      capacity: 40GiB
                 *-logicalvolume:1
                      description: HPFS/NTFS partition
                      physical id: 6
                      logical name: /dev/sda6
                      capacity: 80GiB
                 *-logicalvolume:2
                      description: HPFS/NTFS partition
                      physical id: 7
                      logical name: /dev/sda7
                      logical name: /media/cdrom0
                      capacity: 80GiB
                      configuration: mount.fstype=ntfs mount.options=ro,noatime,uid=0,gid=0,fmask=0177,dmask=077,nls=utf8,errors=continue,mft_zone_multiplier=1 state=mounted
                 *-logicalvolume:3
                      description: Linux filesystem partition
                      physical id: 8
                      logical name: /dev/sda8
                      capacity: 14GiB
                 *-logicalvolume:4
                      description: Linux swap / Solaris partition
                      physical id: 9
                      logical name: /dev/sda9
                      capacity: 1952MiB
                      capabilities: nofs
                 *-logicalvolume:5
                      description: Linux filesystem partition
                      physical id: a
                      logical name: /dev/sda10
                      capacity: 19GiB
                 *-logicalvolume:6
                      description: Linux filesystem partition
                      physical id: b
                      logical name: /dev/sda11
                      capacity: 32GiB
           *-cdrom
                description: DVD-RAM writer
                product: DVD+-RW AD-7580S
                vendor: Optiarc
                physical id: 1
                bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0
                logical name: /dev/cdrom3
                logical name: /dev/cdrw3
                logical name: /dev/dvd3
                logical name: /dev/dvdrw3
                logical name: /dev/scd0
                logical name: /dev/sr0
                version: FD06
                capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
                configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
        *-serial UNCLAIMED
             description: SMBus
             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f.3
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
             version: 03
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             configuration: latency=0
     *-scsi
          physical id: 2
          bus info: usb@2:1
          logical name: scsi8
          capabilities: emulated scsi-host
          configuration: driver=usb-storage
        *-disk
             description: SCSI Disk
             physical id: 0.0.0
             bus info: scsi@8:0.0.0
             logical name: /dev/sdb
             size: 3827MiB (4012MB)
             capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
             configuration: signature=cad4ebea
           *-volume
                description: Windows FAT volume
                vendor: MSDOS5.0
                physical id: 4
                bus info: scsi@8:0.0.0,4
                logical name: /dev/sdb4
                logical name: /media/GRAHAM
                version: FAT32
                serial: b4fe-5315
                size: 3826MiB
                capacity: 3826MiB
                capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
                configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat label=GRC1CULFRER mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=lower,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro state=mounted
  *-ide:0
       description: IDE Channel 0
       physical id: 0
       bus info: ide@0
       logical name: ide0
  *-ide:1
       description: IDE Channel 0
       physical id: 1
       bus info: ide@1
       logical name: ide1

网络接口（用ifup命令手动启动eth0和wlan0）：

代码： 全选

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:26:9e:6f:1b:5b  
          inet addr:192.168.1.107  Bcast:255.255.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:576  Metric:1
          RX packets:471 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:37583 (37.5 KB)  TX bytes:1036 (1.0 KB)
          Interrupt:17 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1e:65:da:d7:74  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

[grahamgan]

bill老兄，我现在启动BT后可以通过ifup命令激活网卡上网了，然后也可以下载并安装显卡驱动、更新系统，但是一旦重启就什么都还原了……
怎么能让我在BT中所做的工作都保存下来呢？还是说启动的squashfs镜像就像是启动的LiveCD一样是不能保存的？

[qy117121]

bill老兄，我现在启动BT后可以通过ifup命令激活网卡上网了，然后也可以下载并安装显卡驱动、更新系统，但是一旦重启就什么都还原了……
怎么能让我在BT中所做的工作都保存下来呢？还是说启动的squashfs镜像就像是启动的LiveCD一样是不能保存的？

据我所知squashfs是不能保存数据的

[billbear]

要保存更改，需要做一个名字为 casper-rw 的 ext 分区，然后在 grub 菜单的内核参数里加上 persistent
当然不要用已有数据的 ext 分区，更改将写入里面，并在下次启动时与 squash 联合成文件系统。
另外也可以用名为 casper-rw 的映像文件而不是分区。当然你要把映像格式化为 ext。不过似乎映像必须放在可移动介质上，我好像曾经在内置硬盘试验未果，不确定。这可以请教 ptptptptptpt，他好像曾经热衷于这个。
不过像安装驱动这样的变更是不是会生效就不了解了，casper-rw 是在启动到某个阶段时被联合进来的，如果在更早的阶段需要的变更恐怕不能提供，此处纯属信口胡诌，我没有经验。

另一个办法是可以在你的改动做完重启之前，用 lub 脚本备份整个变化了的系统并以之替换掉原来的 squashfs，内核还用原来的。
脚本会念叨一下 lupin-casper，不理它。记得挂载一个分区来存放备份文件，不要用默认路径，那会塞爆你的内存。 我自己没有试过，lub 帖子里最后几楼有人干过这个，可参考。

[grahamgan]

要保存更改，需要做一个名字为 casper-rw 的 ext 分区，然后在 grub 菜单的内核参数里加上 persistent
当然不要用已有数据的 ext 分区，更改将写入里面，并在下次启动时与 squash 联合成文件系统。
另外也可以用名为 casper-rw 的映像文件而不是分区。当然你要把映像格式化为 ext。不过似乎映像必须放在可移动介质上，我好像曾经在内置硬盘试验未果，不确定。这可以请教 ptptptptptpt，他好像曾经热衷于这个。
不过像安装驱动这样的变更是不是会生效就不了解了，casper-rw 是在启动到某个阶段时被联合进来的，如果在更早的阶段需要的变更恐怕不能提供，此处纯属信口胡诌，我没有经验。

另一个办法是可以在你的改动做完重启之前，用 lub 脚本备份整个变化了的系统并以之替换掉原来的 squashfs，内核还用原来的。
脚本会念叨一下 lupin-casper，不理它。记得挂载一个分区来存放备份文件，不要用默认路径，那会塞爆你的内存。 我自己没有试过，lub 帖子里最后几楼有人干过这个，可参考。

好深奥……看得我云里雾里……
算了，就这么着吧，硬盘也没多的空间懒得折腾了，也只不过是偶尔玩玩……
感谢bill兄的耐心解答~~

[haoyihuan]

如果是grub2的话：
sudo update-grub（自动搜索硬盘上可以启动的磁盘）
然后再看看/boot/grub/grub.cfg有没有你要的菜单

[tonway]

http://suddymail.org//show-194-1.html 这个不错 可惜不支持BT4 RC2 期待大鸟更新